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Variations of Oceanic climate patterns and monsoon systems

Erica C. Payne Undergraduate 3 rd Year Chemical Engineering. Sections 3.6.5 to 3.7.5. Variations of Oceanic climate patterns and monsoon systems. Southern Annual Mode. Change of a tmospheric circulation Zonal wave three pattern Positive and negative SAM Monthly global changes

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Variations of Oceanic climate patterns and monsoon systems

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  1. Erica C. Payne Undergraduate 3rd Year Chemical Engineering Sections 3.6.5 to 3.7.5 Variations of Oceanic climate patterns and monsoon systems

  2. Southern Annual Mode • Change of atmospheric circulation • Zonal wave three pattern • Positive and negative SAM • Monthly global changes • 10% of global variance • Observe jet streams and track storms

  3. Southern Annual Mode • Unclear at high latitudes • New index created in the 1960’s • Contributions • Ozone • Green house gases • El Niño southern oscillations

  4. Southern Annual Mode • Effects on Antarctica • Flow of warmth pole ward • Warming • Less sea ice • More cyclones • More Precipitation • Higher oxygen levels in the snow • Can explain rise in temperature

  5. Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillations • SST of the North Atlantic • Two recorded cycles • Salt content variation in water • Density variation in water • Effects • Precipitation anomalies • Hurricane formation • Sea ice variation around Greenland

  6. Two important modes: ACW and IOP • ACW • Antarctic Circumpolar Wave • Four-year pattern • Sea surface temperature anomalies • Sea ice content anomalies • Common topic today • Questions of formation and existence

  7. Two important modes: ACW and IOP • IOP • Indian Ocean Dipole • Temperature difference for nearby areas • Easterly changes near equator • Uncertainties • El Niño southern oscillation • SAM and monsoon variability • Lone instances of IOD

  8. Global Monsoon Systems • Monsoons • Seasonal reversal of wind and precipitation • Surface wind reversal not necessary • Global Monsoon System • Assesses monsoon precipitation changes • Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone • South Pacific Convergence Zone • South Atlantic Convergence Zone

  9. Global Monsoon Systems • Regional circulation interference • Collision observations • Trend dates: 1950 – 1979 • Factors: • Regional air-sea interactions • Land surface properties • Aerosols in the atmosphere

  10. Regional Monsoon Systems • Asia • East and South regions • Strength differences in time duration • Summer rain belt shifting southward • Related occurrences

  11. Regional Monsoon Systems • Australia • Monsoon region contents • Multi-Variability • +18% rainfall • +20% rainy days

  12. Regional Monsoon Systems • The Americas • Geographical differences • Usual movement from Mexico to the USA • Trends in Brazil showing a slow shift

  13. Regional Monsoon Systems • Africa • Climate change source – Indian Ocean • Regional differences of anomalies • Multi-decadal rainfall variability • 1970’s: Sahel region • Largest climate change in the world • 170mm rainfall

  14. Questions and Comments?

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