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MSC 180 – Water Analysis

MSC 180 – Water Analysis. Instructor: Jacqui Jenkins Degan Office Hours: Tuesday & Thursday 1300-1500 Friday 0800-0850. Safety Equipment. Eyewash & Shower First Aid Kit. Fire & Fire Safety. Fire Blanket Fire Extinguisher Water CO 2 Dry-Powder Halon. Safety Equipment. MSDS

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MSC 180 – Water Analysis

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  1. MSC 180 – Water Analysis Instructor: Jacqui Jenkins Degan Office Hours: Tuesday & Thursday 1300-1500 Friday 0800-0850

  2. Safety Equipment • Eyewash & Shower • First Aid Kit

  3. Fire & Fire Safety • Fire Blanket • Fire Extinguisher • Water • CO2 • Dry-Powder • Halon

  4. Safety Equipment • MSDS • Material Safety Data Sheets

  5. The Metric System • Decimal system of measurement • Base of 10 • History • France, 1791 • Adopted by scientists throughout the world, 1960 • International System (le Système International) • SI

  6. Calculation Errors • Gimli Glider • Mars Climate Orbiter • Medical Mishaps

  7. The Metric System BASE UNITS • Meter • Kilogram • Second • Kelvin • Mole • Ampere • Candela

  8. The Metric System - Length • 1 micrometer (µm) = 0.000001 meter • 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 meter • 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 meter • 1 decimeter (dm) = 0.1 meter • 1 dekameter (dkm) = 10 meters • 1 hectometer (hm) = 100 meters • 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters

  9. The Metric System – Weight (Mass) • 1 microgram (µg) = 0.000001 gram • 1 milligram (mg) = 0.001 gram • 1 centigram (cg) = 0.01 gram • 1 decigram (dg) = 0.1 gram • 1 dekagram (dkg) = 10 grams • 1 hectogram (hg) = 100 grams • 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams

  10. The Metric System • Temperature • Celsius (°C) • kelvin (K) • Absolute zero • 0 K • -273.15 °C • -459.67 F

  11. K = °C + 273 • °C = 5/9(°F - 32) • °F = (9/5x°C)+32

  12. Conversion • Dimensional Analysis • Factor-Label Method

  13. The Metric System • Density • Mass per unit volume • D = m/V • Mass in grams • Volume in cubic centimeters • g/cm3

  14. Precision Reproducibility Check by repeated measurements Poor precision results from poor techniques Accuracy Correctness Check by using a different method Poor accuracy results from procedural or equipment flaws Lab Procedures

  15. Significant Figures • The precision of an instrument reflects the number of significant figures in a reading • Micro-balance versus bathroom scale • The number of significant figures in a lab measurement is the number of digits that are known accurately, plus one that is uncertain or doubtful.

  16. Significant Figures • Cardinal Rule: • A final result should never contain any more significant figures than the least precise data used to calculate it.

  17. Significant Figures General Rules: • The concept applies only to measured quantities.

  18. Adding & Subtracting: • Decimal places are important: 500.5 + 37.222 = 537.722 Sig figs = 537.7 • Multiplying & Dividing: • Total significant figures are important: 15.41 x 3.2 = 49.312 Sig figs = 49

  19. Rounding • If a calculation yields a result that would suggest more precision than the measurement from which it originated, rounding off to the proper number of significant figures is required.

  20. Rounding • Rules of Rounding: • If the digit following the last significant figure is greater than 5, the number is rounded up to the next higher digit • If the digit following the last significant figure is less than 5, the number is rounded off to the present value of the last significant figure • When the digit is exactly 5, look to the digit preceding the 5: • If the preceding digit is odd, round up. • If the preceding digit is even, round down.

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