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Saudi Arabia and the Gulf

Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. Link to syllabus Link to Chronology. Link to https://ctools.umich.edu/portal. Saudi Arabia map. Focal point of the Pilgrimage to Mecca: the Kaaba is situated at the heart of the Holy Mosque’s central courtyard. The mosque at Medina.

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Saudi Arabia and the Gulf

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  1. Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Link to syllabus Link to Chronology Link to https://ctools.umich.edu/portal

  2. Saudi Arabia map

  3. Focal point of the Pilgrimage to Mecca:the Kaaba is situated at the heart of the Holy Mosque’s central courtyard

  4. The mosque at Medina The Prophet’s Mosque contains the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, and is therefore one of Islam’s most sacred shrines. (The first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, are also buried there.) http://www.kingfahdbinabdulaziz.com/main/h200.htm

  5. Grave of the Prophet Muhammad,in the Mosque at Medina

  6. The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, was born around 570 C.E. At the age of 40, Muhammad received his call to become a prophet. He received the word of God through the Angel Gabriel and the divine message was recorded in the Holy Qur'an. The God that spoke to Muhammad was the God of Abraham. Islam is thus essentially part of the great monotheistic movement that emerged and developed in the Near East. In Muhammad, regarded as the "seal of the prophets", the message of God for man was finally comprehended and Islam (submission to the will of Allah) is seen by Muslims as the apotheosis of the Judaeo-Christian tradition. From the Saudi Arabian Government’s web site. http://www.saudinf.com/main/b62.htm Statement about Islam and the Prophet

  7. Ottoman Empire

  8. King Abdul Aziz Ibn Sa’ud 1879-1953 King 1932-53 Starting in 1902, he re-conquered Riyadh and eventually unified (most of) the peninsula, using both armed force and marriage alliances. Had > 60 children, and some 40 sons. It is said that he was not able to accept the modern world of his late years. From Saudi Arabia: Caught in Time 1861-1939, by Badr El Hage

  9. Saudi Expansion and Classical Yemen From Dresch A History of Modern Yemen

  10. Arabian Family Trees

  11. King Sa’ud 1902-1969 King 1953-1964 Forced out by his more forceful brother Faisal; died in exile in Greece

  12. King Faisal I 1906-1975 King 1964-1975 Important “modernizer.” Assassinated by a nephew in a revenge killing. Succeeded by Khalid, whose bad health resulted in power being exercised by Fahd, who eventually became King.

  13. King Abdullah Born 1923 or 24; father is Abdul Aziz bin Saud. Succeeded King Fahd, his half-brother, in 2005. Was head of the National Guard. Had no ‘formal’ education. Has been projecting a more assertive role for Saudi foreign policy. Labeled US occupation in Iraq ‘illegitimate’. Said to be in ill health, with maladies typical of his age.

  14. (Then) Crown Prince Abdullah and V. Putin, Sept. 2003

  15. Salman bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud Born 1935 in Riyadh; is the Crown Prince (next in line), also Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense. His mother is Hass al-Sudairi – the Sudairi brothers are said to be an important group in family politics. Prince Salman was appointed Governor of Riyadh. He is described as a mediator in problems inside the House of Saud. The prince’s health is rumored to be not good.

  16. Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Born 1945 – youngest son of King Abdulaziz. Recently named second in line to replace the king – an unusual step. Has been head of the Saudi Intelligence Agency. Said to be a close ally of the king, and to be a ‘traditionalist.’ One presumes that after Muqrin, the next king will have to be a grandson of Abdul Aziz. What will be the process by which that person is chosen?

  17. Prince Bandar Born 1949 His father was once Crown Prince. Saudi Ambassador to US 1983-2005 Currently is the kingdom’s national security chief. Resigned yesterday April 16, 2014. Has received education and military training in the U.K. and U.S. Described as a long-time friend of the Bush family.

  18. Ambassador Adel bin Ahmed Al-Jubeir Born February 1, 1962 in Majma'ah (Riyadh Province), Saudi Arabia, and attended schools in the Kingdom, Germany, Yemen, Lebanon, and the U.S.  Not from the royal family. He obtained a B.A. summa cum laude in political science and economics from the University of North Texas in 1982, and an M.A. in international relations from Georgetown University in 1984. Appointed Jan., 2007

  19. Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Yamani Saudi Minister of Oil, 1962-1986. Born 1839 in Hijaz, not of the royal family. Harvard educated, favorite of King Faisal. Steered OPEC during its high tide. Ultimately dismissed, (they say) over debate about whether to invest Petro-dollars abroad in downstream oil companies-which he favored, versus inside the country. Was often described as a “price hawk.” Currently resides in England, leading an oil consulting Company. “The stone age ended before we ran out of stones; the oil age will end before we run out of oil.”

  20. Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Born 1940. Educated at Princeton. Has been Saudi foreign minister since 1975 – the longest serving FM alive. Has some health problems. Is frequently described as working to reduce U.S. influence in the region. Strong supporter of Palestinian causes. Hostile to Bashar al-Assad. After significant lobbying, Saudi Arabia was given a rotating seat on the United Nations Security Council in October, 2013, which they then rejected. NYT: this decision underscored the depth of Saudi anger over what the monarchy sees as weak and conciliatory Western stances toward Syria and Iran, Saudi Arabia’s regional rival.

  21. Statement about the Saudi Government It is important to recognize that the Saudi system of government, as defined under the Basic System and the establishment of the Consultative Council, is not a move towards Western-style democracy, much less an imitation of Western-style democratic reform. It is an organic Development of the consultative basis of the relationship between the leader and the people that is inherent in Islamic tradition. http://www.kingfahdbinabdulaziz.com/main/k100.htm

  22. Statement about Saudi Foreign Aid In the twenty years from 1973 to 1993, despite considerable variations in national revenues and many competing demands, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia provided 5.5% of its Gross National Product in overseas aid. Given that the United Nations has suggested 0.7% as the lower limit for donor countries, the Kingdom’s contribution has been outstanding. From the Saudi Government’s web site: http://www.kingfahdbinabdulaziz.com/main/n010.htm

  23. Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal al-Saud Born 1956. Mother is Lebanese. Education: Menlo College, Bachelor of Arts&Science Syracuse University, Master of Science #19 on Forbes list of world’s richest. His Kingdom Holding has major funds in Citicorp, Disney-Europe, Four Seasons, AOL, Apple, Worldcom… Al Waleed buying an Airbus Said to donate US$100 million/yr to charities, including several institutes in US universities.

  24. Osama bin Laden Born 1957 in Saudi Arabia. Killed 2011 His father made a fortune in the construction business in S.A. Went to Afghanistan ~1979 to support anti-Soviet forces, and helped form al-Qaeda in 1988. Objected to US military presence in Saudi Arabia. His citizenship was revoked in 1994. Leader in planning the 9/11 attacks.

  25. Old Jeddah From Saudi Arabia: Caught in Time 1861-1939, by Badr El Hage

  26. The Great Mosque of Riyadh, 1920s Source: Guise, Riyadh AAL DS 248 R7 G85 1988

  27. Riyadh, cloth market 1937 Source: Saudi Arabia: Caught in Time 1861-1939, by Badr El Hage

  28. Riyadh, Open air market,1937 From Saudi Arabia: Caught in Time 1861-1939, by Badr El Hage

  29. Saudi Desalination Plant From “Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques: King Fahd Bid Abdul Aziz

  30. Riyadh Stadium

  31. Saudi National Football Team

  32. University Avenue, Riyadh

  33. King Faisal Charitable Foundation, Riyadh

  34. Ministry of the Interior, Riyadh

  35. Dam Inauguration, Narjan Saudi Arabia Source: Tchekof Minosa Najran Desert Garden of Arabia

  36. Irrigated Field in Narjan, Saudi Arabia Tchekof Minosa Najran Desert Garden of Arabia, p. 30

  37. Saudi Agriculture, I

  38. Saudi Agriculture, II

  39. Saudi Agriculture,III

  40. Horse races in Riyadh Guise, Riyadh p. 38

  41. Riyadh: Street corner market for falcons Guise, Riyadh AAL DS 248 R7 G85 1988

  42. Riyadh, Passport Office Source: Guise, Riyadhp. 26

  43. Riyadh: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Source: Guise, Riyadhpage 26

  44. Riyadh: King Saud University Source:Guise, Riyadhp. 79

  45. Riyadh: King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital Source: Guise, Riyadh AAL DS 248 R7 G85 1988 Page 88

  46. Other Gulf

  47. Gulf physical map

  48. Gulf Oil Source: Cordesman, Saudi Arabia Enters the Twenty-First Century

  49. Gulf Chronology

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