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RNA & Transcription

RNA & Transcription. 11-18-08. DNA Review. Contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all organisms Found in the nucleus of cells! Made up of Nucleotides Sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate Nitrogenous Base Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine. DNA Replication.

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RNA & Transcription

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  1. RNA & Transcription 11-18-08

  2. DNA Review • Contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all organisms • Found in the nucleus of cells! • Made up of Nucleotides • Sugar (deoxyribose) • Phosphate • Nitrogenous Base • Adenine • Thymine • Cytosine • Guanine

  3. DNA Replication • 1 DNA strand 2 DNA strands • The first DNA strand acts as a template for the newly formed strand of DNA • DNA polymerase copies the new strand of DNA • Practice replicating DNA!!!

  4. RNA- Ribonucleic Acid • Single stranded • Sugar is Ribose • DNA = Deoxyribose • Copied from DNA during a process called transcription • Made up of nucleotides • Does not contain thymine • Uracil (U) replaces thymine in RNA strand

  5. DNA vs. RNA • DNA ATT GAT CAT AGT • RNA AUU GAU CAU AGU

  6. 3 types of RNA • mRNA- (messenger RNA) sends the message of DNA to the ribosomes • rRNA- (ribosomal RNA) make up ribosomes • (place of protein assembly) • tRNA- (transfer RNA) transfers the RNA message into proteins

  7. Transcription • Makes RNA from DNA DNA- GCA CTA GTC ATC RNA- CGU GAU CAG UAG • End Result: 1 DNA strand 1 mRNA Strand

  8. Transcription Steps • 1. RNA polymerase, an enzyme, binds to DNA found in the nucleus and separates the DNA strands • 2. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template for assembling a strand of mRNA that is then released into the cytoplasm.

  9. REVIEW • DNA Replication • 1 DNA Strand 2 DNA Strands • Transcription • DNA RNA • Translation • RNA Protein

  10. Making Proteins • The sequence of nucleotides serves as instructions for the order of amino acids • Proteins are made from joining many amino acids into a long chain • The code is read 3 letters at a time

  11. Every three nucleotides is a word known as a codon. AGTTCCGAT AGT TCC GAT Each specific codon represents a single amino acid Chains of amino acide make proteins 64 different codons Codon

  12. Translation • Decoding of a mRNA into a polypeptide chain or protein. • First mRNA is transcribed from DNA and released to the cytoplasm

  13. 5 Basic Steps in Translation • Step 1: A ribosome forms around a molecule of mRNA • needs the start codon AUG • Step 2: Each codon allows the proper amino acid to be brought into the ribosome by tRNA. • Step 3: The amino acids are attached together along an “assembly line” to form a chain.

  14. Step 4: The new protein grows as the codons are 'read‘ • until a stop codon appears • Step 5: The completed protein is released.

  15. Codons and Translation • Start codon- "AUG" - Methionine • signals initiation translation • Stop Codon- "UAG, UAA, and UGA" • signals termination of translation

  16. Let’s practice decoding Codons! • UUUCAGGAA • AUACCGAGA • GCUGACUAC

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