Global Youth Ministers 2013 Food Crisis

1. Effects of climate change on food security and nutrition Global Youth Ministers 2013Food Crisis

2. Outline • Focus on… • The interaction between climate change and food production (agriculture) • Examples of the most affected regions • Challenges and opportunities for food security

3. Interaction between climate change and food production Vulnerability

4. Vulnerability and risks • The risk of the climate change • exposure • magnitude • sensitivity • ability to respond and adapt

5. Components of vulnerability • Biophysical and social factors • High population growth and low income • Increase the number of malnourished children in the future • Policies (??????????????)

6. Effects of vulnerability • Individuals • Households • Communities • Agricultural systems (i.e. countries) • Who are the most vulnerable?

8. Examples of most affected regions Examples

9. General examples • Different cropping systems are sensitive to different climate change • E.g.: Rice-based systems are sensitive to high daytime temperature • Potato-based systems are sensitive to high nighttime temperature

10. General examples • Countries where humans haul water are more sensitive than those using machines • Countries with fewer diversity of diet are more sensitive than others • Low-income and rural communities are vulnerable

11. Victims? • Who are the victims? • (I) Arid regions • (II) Coastal regions • (III) Temperate regions • (IV) Tropic regions A. (II) only B. (I), (III), (IV) C. (II), (III) D. (I), (II), (IV)

12. Most affected regions • Arid and semi-arid regions of the tropics • SouthandWest Asia, India, North Africa, part of dry Andes in Latin America. • Coastal Areas (at risk of flooding and sea level rise) • Countries with agriculture in river deltas • Small island states • Regions that already have conflicts for land and water

13. Most affected systems • Pastoralists and Small scale farmers in dry areas • particularly in S. Asia and Africa • Marine fishery production among tropical nations • Small farms that have little access to markets

14. Effects • With high population growth and low income growth average kilocalorie availability declines in all regions by 2050 • Climate change increases the number of malnourished children substantially • Trade flows adjust if trade policies don’t control the current situation

15. Challenges and opportunities Adaptations, challenges and recommendations

16. Adaptation objectives • Adaptation policies are to: • Produce more food • Build more resilient food systems • Consider the needs and rights of farmers • Support vulnerable groups and communities • Address sustainability

17. Challenges

18. (Just) Recommendations • Adapt policies and actions • Principles: • Integrate food security and climate change • Enlarge the base of evidence for policy-making • Involve all stakeholders in decision-making • Focus on the needs and contributions of disadvantaged

19. (Just) Recommendations • National governments and international organizations • Pursue synergies in food security and climate change actions • Increase resilience of food systems to climate change • Develop low-emissions agricultural strategies that contribute to food security • Collect information locally and share knowledge globally • Facilitate participation of all stakeholders in decision making and implementation

20. (Just) Recommendations • General Recommendations: • Encourage more explicit recognition of food security negotiations on • Climate change • International trade • Enhance the role of civil society • Support to improve data collection and a collection sharing mechanism on international data gathering for climate change and food security

21. http://www.fao.org

22. Question and Answer