Circulatory & Respiratory

1. Circulatory & Respiratory Systems

2. The Circulatory System is divided into three major parts: Heart Blood Blood Vessels

3. The Heart • A Muscular Organ • Keeping Your Heart Healthy

4. The Blood • Red Blood Cells: Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide • White Blood Cells: Help the body fight off germs • Platelets: Blood cells that help stop bleeding

5. Three Types of Blood Vessels • Blood vessels play an important role in our bodies by carrying the blood throughout the body Arteries

6. Capillaries • A complex web of very small tubes

7. Veins

8. William Harvey • A pioneer in the study of the Circulatory System • Dr. Harvey’s research • Dr. Harvey’s beliefs

9. Respiratory System

10. Lungs

11. Respiratory System

12. Windpipe and Bronchial Tree Nose and Nasal Cavity

13. Activity Label the parts

14. Smoking and the Respiratory System

15. Basic Facts • According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: • Cigarette smoking is responsible for about one in five deaths annually. • An estimated 49,000 of tobacco-related deaths are the result of secondhand smoke exposure. • Approximately 70% of smokers want to quit completely. • Approximately 40% of smokers try to quit each year.

16. The effects of Smoking • Irritation of the windpipe and voice box. • Reduced lung function and breathlessness due to swelling . • Increased risk of lung infection and symptoms such as coughing and wheezing. • Permanent damage to the air sacs of the lungs • Lung cancer.

17. Lung Cancer • “Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs”(Cancer care inc,2010). • “These abnormal cells do not carry out the functions of normal cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue” (Cancer care inc,2010). • “As they grow, the abnormal cells can form tumors and block the function of the lung, which is to provide oxygen to the body through the blood”(Cancer care inc,2010).

18. Symptoms • Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss • Fatigue • Headaches, bone or joint pain • Bone fractures not related to accidental injury • Neck or facial swelling • General weakness • Bleeding • Blood clots • *Lung cancer is first seen through having an x-ray done or through a CT Scan.

19. Stages

20. Treatments • Surgery • Chemotherapy • Radiation • Combination of all three

21. Coronary Artery Disease(Coronary Heart Disease)

22. What Is It? • Coronary artery disease happens when plaque and build up of cholesterol narrows the arteries that supply the blood to heart muscles, causing the blood circulation to slow down in the heart. (Can contribute to heart failureand arrhythmias)

24. Symptoms • Angina Pectoris (chest pains, tightness, heaviness, and numbness) • Pain in upper body (arms, left shoulder, neck, and stomach) • Difficult breathing • Headaches and dizziness • Rapid and or irregular heart beats

26. Risk Factors Uncontrolled Control/Prevention Overweight and Obese Physical Activity High blood pressure/cholestorol Diabetes • Heredity-children with parents that has heart disease are more likely to develop it. • Race- African Americans, Mexican Americans, Natives, and Native Hawaiians higher chance. • Age- 82% who die of coronary artery disease is 65 and older.

27. Diagnosis • Regular doctor visits • Electrocardiogram ECG or EKG (measures impulses generated by the heart). • Angiogram (liquid dye injected into arteries of the heart through a thin flexible tube catheter)

29. Treatment • Lifestyle changes • Angioplasty • Medications • Surgery

30. Community • Estimated cost of (CHD) 2009 $166.4 billion • In 2010 estimated cost $177.1 billion. • June 5, 2009 there were 2,791 patients on waiting list for heart transplants.

31. References • “Coronary Artery Disease” Medline Plus. 2010. National Heart and Lung and Blood Institute www.nlm.nih.gov • “Coronary Artery Disease” Mayo Clinic. 2010. www.mayoclinic.org • “Coronary Artery Disease-Symptoms” Cleveland Clinic. 2010. my.clevelandclinic.org • “Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease” American Heart Association. 2010. www.americanheart.org

32. Activity Word search

33. Obesity and it’s effects on our community (by: Abbey Grubba) http://www.mydochub.com/images/obese-americans.jpg

34. http://jhrtsholidayparty.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/the-biggest-loser.jpghttp://jhrtsholidayparty.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/the-biggest-loser.jpg http://www.look-good-feel-great-secrets.com/images/no-high-fructose-corn-syrup.jpg http://steveandamysly.tannerworld.com/databank/2006/image_supersizeme1.jpg

35. How is it caused & How is it measured • Excessive food intake • Ingesting of non-healthful foods • Physical inactivity • Body Mass Index http://cm.iparenting.com/fc/editor_files/images/1042/ipgraphics/fitness/00005258.JPG

36. Defining Obesity • B.M.I.- determined by height and weight & correlates (not equals)amount of body fat • B.M.I. 30 or higher=obese http://teamrich.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/obesity.jpg • Obese children- take into consideration normal differences in body fat between genders • Waist circumference • High blood pressure & physical inactivity http://www.dietriffic.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/diabetes_bmi_chart.gif

37. Statistics • Nearly 1/3rd (about 31%) of American adults are obese • About 33% of women and 31% of men • Americans are twice as likely as Europeans to become obese • Americans are also more likely to suffer from a chronic disease

38. http://calorielab.com/news/wp-images/post-images/fattest-states-2006-larger.jpghttp://calorielab.com/news/wp-images/post-images/fattest-states-2006-larger.jpg

39. Why it’s related to our two systems • Risk factor for cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory disorders http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/obesity-and-health.jpg

40. Cardiovascular Disease • Diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels • #1 cause of death in the U.S. • Coronary heart disease-cause by fatty build up cause the coronary arteries to narrow http://www.topnews.in/files/Cardiovascular.Disease.jpg

41. Metabolic Disorder • Medical condition that is characterized by problems with the body’s metabolism • Healthy metabolism = critical to live • Examples: Tay-Sachs (lack of the enzyme hexosaminidase A), and Wilson’s disease (liver disorder; genetic) • Cause cardiovascular diseases http://www.blobs.org/science/metabolism/metabolism.gif

42. Respiratory Disorder • Includes asthma, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer • 400,000 people die from lung disease each year (3rd leading cause) • Vicious cycle • They can be caused by obesity & can also be a risk factor for obesity http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/BerndCV/Lab/Website%20(Summer%202009)/MCChomepage/asthma.jpg

43. Illnesses affecting developing countries Tatiana Rosa SC118

44. Who are the most affected • Infants • Children • Pregnant women

45. Causes • Tobacco smoke • Housing conditions • Hygiene • Outdoor and indoor air pollution

46. Diseases • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • Malaria • Tuberculosis • Pneumonia • Asthma • Allergies • Dangue • Influenza • Tuberculosis cases per every 100,000 • #1   Swaziland: 627  • # 2   Cambodia: 560  • # 3   Zambia: 445  • # 4   Djibouti: 382  • # 5   Indonesia: 321 

47. Facts and Statistics • 24%of upper respiratory • 1.5 million deaths from respiratory infections • 20% of total infant death • Half of all deaths caused by infectious diseases

48. Developing Country ranking Infant mortality rate per every 1,000 live births Maternal mortality rate per every 100,000 births #1   Central African Republic: 1,100 #2  Malawi: 1,100   #3  Mozambique: 1,100 # 4   Eritrea: 1,000 # 5   Guinea-Bissau: 910 • #1   Angola: 192.5  • # 2   Afghanistan: 165.96  • # 3   Mozambique: 137.08  • # 4   Liberia: 130.51  • # 5   Niger: 122.66  • # 6   Mali: 117.99  • # 7   Guinea-Bissau: 108.72  • # 8   Djibouti: 105.54  • # 9   Malawi: 104.23  • # 10   Bhutan: 102.56  • # 11   Ethiopia: 102.12  • # 12   Rwanda: 101.68  Respiratory disease child death rate by country • Guinea-Bissau-208.4 (est) • Gabon- 202.51 (est)  • Ethiopia- 221.53 (est) • Mauritania-222.75 (est)

49. Steps taken • “Health innovation networks” • Developing public-private partnerships • Developing drugs and vaccines • Millennium Goals

50. Organizations • Rockefeller Foundation • Global Fund to Fight AIDS • Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization • Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) • Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (TB Alliance)