PREPOSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS, AND INTERJECTIONS, PART II

1. PREPOSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS,ANDINTERJECTIONS, PART II

2. Conjunctions connect words or groups of words, and there are four types: • COORDINATING • CORRELATIVE • SUBORDINATING (Certain adverbs function like conjunctions, so we consider them a 4th type: ) 4. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

3. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS • This type of conjunction is used to connect ideas of equal importance like words, phrases, or complete sentences. • A coordinating conjunction, however, is always one word: and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet

4. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS • Like coordinating conjunctions, these are used to join words of equal importance, but they are always used in pairs. both . . . and either . . . or neither . . . nor whether . . . or not only . . . but also ex. Both students like pizza and steak. ex. Both Andy and Steve like Elder football.

5. EXAMPLES OF COORDINATING AND CORRELATIVE CONJ. • Did the Italians or the Chinese invent pasta? • Both oak and walnut are used to make furniture. • Not only did Rosa win, but she also broke her record. • We will visit Delhi or Mack sometime in June. • I will not compromise with you, nor will you compromise with me. • Allison neither studied nor slept that night. • The deadline is next week, so* you still have time. (*Any time a coordinating conjunction is used to join both parts of a compound sentence, place a comma in front of the conjunction.)

6. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS • These are used to join a dependent clause to an independent clause. In this respect, they function in a way similar to that of relative pronouns. After we eat, we’ll go to the movies. Punctuation Note: When the dependent clause comes first, use a comma to separate it from the independent clause (as above).

7. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

8. Conjunction or Preposition? • A word like “after” can act as a preposition or a conjunction. To tell the difference, look at the other words behind it. • If there’s a subject AND verb, then it’s probably acting as a subordinating conjunction. • If it only has its object, then it’s acting as a preposition. • The exception arises when the object of a preposition is a noun clause.

9. Conjunction or Preposition? • After supper, we decided to go to the store. • Before we eat, let’s set the table. • He stood before the judge and begged for mercy. • He wanted to sing after whoever sounded the worst.

10. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS • These are truly adverbs, but they may join sentences; therefore, we call them “conjunctive.”

11. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS • There is usually an obvious clue that a conjunctive adverb is present: a semicolon in front of it and a comma behind it. ex. The chemical leak polluted the town’s water supply; consequently, people felt bad. ex. The evidence sounded convincing; still, the jury believed the defendant’s story. ex. The students took shelter in the basement; otherwise, they would not have survived the tornado.

12. INTERJECTIONS • These are words or phrases used to express strong feeling or emotion. • They express feelings such as anger, joy, terror, pain, fear, disgust, or sadness. • Because interjections are not part of the main structure of a sentence, they are set off by an exclamation mark or a comma.

13. INTERJECTIONS • Unbelievable! Look at that huge buffet. • Oh, I thought you were meeting me at the buffet. • We went to the buffet and, oh, it was fun. • Never! I could not think of going to the buffet without my appetite.