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Multimedia

Multimedia. Hypertext and Hypermedia. Hypertext Issues. Hypertext History Hypertext Representation Application Example (Nielsen) Hypertext Navigation Aids. Normal Text vs. Hypertext. Hypertext. Text augmented with links:

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Multimedia

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  1. Multimedia Hypertext and Hypermedia T.Sharon-A.Frank

  2. Hypertext Issues • Hypertext History • Hypertext Representation • Application Example (Nielsen) • Hypertext Navigation Aids T.Sharon-A.Frank

  3. Normal Text vs. Hypertext T.Sharon-A.Frank

  4. Hypertext • Text augmented with links: • Link: pointer to another piece of text in same or different document. • Navigational metaphor • User follows a link from its source to itsdestination, usually by clicking on source withthe mouse. • Use browser to view and navigate hypertext. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  5. Glimpse into Hypertext History • Memex – Vannevar Bush, 1945 • Concept of linked documents; photo-mechanical realization never implemented. • Xanadu – Ted Nelson, late 1960s onwards • Hypertext defined; intended as global system but no real popular implementation. • Hypercard – Apple, 1987 • Shipped with every Mac; popularized concept. • World Wide Web – 1993

  6. MEMEX • MEMEX – MEMory EXtender by Vannevar Bush • Developed 1932 • Publication 1945 • Great Insights • Never implemented T.Sharon-A.Frank

  7. Envisioned Memex T.Sharon-A.Frank

  8. Linearity vs. Non-linearity T.Sharon-A.Frank

  9. Hypertext View T.Sharon-A.Frank

  10. Non-linearity • Hypertext is not usually read linearly (from start to finish). • Links encourage branching off. • History and back button permit backtracking. • Not an innovation, but the immediacy of following links by clicking creates a different experience from traditional non-linearity (e.g. cross-references in encyclopedia).

  11. Hypermedia T.Sharon-A.Frank

  12. Hypermedia View T.Sharon-A.Frank

  13. A Web site is Hypermedia T.Sharon-A.Frank

  14. Nodes – Information Units Edges – Links to other Information Units Hypertext/media structure is a graph Source Destination Navigation: traversing through the graph T.Sharon-A.Frank

  15. Graph is Media Independent • Text • Graphics • Still Images • Audio • Animation • Motion Video ABC T.Sharon-A.Frank

  16. Various destination anchors T.Sharon-A.Frank

  17. Types of Links • Simple unidirectional links: • Connect single point on one page with a point on another page (e.g. Web). • Extended links: • Regional links (ends may be regions within a page). • Bidirectional links (may be followed in both directions). • Multi links (may have more than two ends).

  18. Hypertext Abstract Machine (HAM) [Campbell & Goodman, 1988] Presentation Level Hypertext Abstract Machine (HAM) Level Host File Systems Level T.Sharon-A.Frank

  19. Dexter Model (88-90) T.Sharon-A.Frank

  20. Flag Model (HT’96) T.Sharon-A.Frank

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