The American Civil War

1. The American Civil War

2. E.Q.-Why did the North Win? • Turn to your neighbor and discuss this question.

3. Advantages of the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South) • Let’s read! (CW3.1) • Now read on your own and fill out the chart. • http://www.history.com/civil-war-150#/who-they-were • Now…Would you like to add or edit any of your answers to the Essential Question? • History of 4F

4. The Anaconda Planhttp://www.civilwar.org/education/in4/winfield-scott.html

5. The Confederacy Strategy-Offensive-Defensive • “The Confederates eventually synthesized [combined] these various strands of strategic theory [ideas] and political reality into what Davis called an “offensive-defensive”strategy. This consisted of defending the Confederate homeland by using interior lines of communication…to concentrate dispersed forces against an invading army and , if opportunity offered, to go over to the offensive, even to the extent of invading the North...[I]t emerged from a series of major campaigns in the Virginia-Maryland and Tennessee-Kentucky theaters[areas of warfare] during 1862, and culminated at Gettysburg in 1863.” • James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era, p. 338, Oxford Uiversity Press, NY, 1988

6. Let’s Write! Love it! • Compare the strategies employed by the Union and the Confederacy at the beginning of the Civil War. • What strategy will be the most effective? Why?

7. The Civil War began at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.

8. Fort Sumter was a Union fort in the South, and the Union had a hard time defending it. They surrendered 34 hours later. • There were 23 states in the Union (North) at the beginning of the war. • There were 11 states in the Confederacy (South) at the beginning of the war.

9. Union and Confederate states

10. North’s Advantages The North had some major advantages: • They had many more people • They had many more factories, which could be used to make weapons. • The Union also had many more miles of railroad tracks.

11. South’s Advantages: • The South’s main advantage was that they were fighting at home. • They were closer to their supplies. • They would fight harder because they were protecting their homes. • Southern soldiers were better equipped with the skills necessary to survive a war.

12. Abraham Lincoln • The president of the Union was Abraham Lincoln, who had been elected in 1860.

13. Jefferson Davis • The president of the new Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy, was Jefferson Davis.

14. New Weapons Many new weapons were used during the Civil War. • One of these weapons was an ironclad ship. An ironclad ship was a ship with iron plates on it to protect it from cannon fire.

15. Other new weapons:http://www.history.com/civil-war-150#/weapons-of-warhttp://www.civilwar.org/education/in4/artillery.html • Deadlier cannons and bullets • Rifles that were more accurate

16. Battle of Bull RunJuly 1861 • One of the first battles of the war was the Battle of Bull Run. • The North realized after this battle that the war would not be easy and would not be over soon, as they originally thought.

17. Battle of Bull Run • Spectators Watch the Battle Activity

18. Hampton RoadsMarch 9, 1862 Ironclads http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2oub-PkUDY

19. Battle of Antietam • The first time the Confederacy invaded Northern territory was the Battle of Antietam. They were led by Gen. Robert E. Lee • It began on Sept. 17, 1862 and lasted 12 hours. • It was the bloodiest battle day in United States history. 23,000 men lost their lives that day. • The Union army stopped the Confederate army. This “victory” by the Union gave President Lincoln the chance to announce the abolition of slavery in the South.

20. Battle at Antietam

21. Antietam 360 Activity

22. Emancipation Proclamation • On January 1, 1863, Pres. Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation. It declared that all slaves should be set free in the Confederacy. • It also allowed blacks to serve in the Union army and navy. • The South ignored the Emancipation Proclamation, but it did change the focus of the war to the issue of slavery. • Emancipation Activity

23. Women in War • Women on both sides worked during the war. Many became nurses. The most famous nurse from the Union was Clara Barton. • She also helped organize the American Red Cross.

24. Battle of Gettysburg • The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the bloodiest battles of the war. • It took place from July1-3, 1863. • 97,000 Union soldiers fought 75,000 Confederate soldiers. • More than 50,000 men were killed or wounded in the battle. • Interactive Battle Map

25. The Union won the Battle of Gettysburg. • Many felt it was a turning point in the war. • Many Northerners started supporting the army after this by lending them money to help pay for the war. • This was called a war bond.

26. University Grays

27. Gettysburg Address • Several months after the Battle of Gettysburg, President Lincoln went to the battlefield to dedicate a cemetery in honor of all those who had died. • Lincoln spoke for two minutes, but his speech became very famous. • It is called “The Gettysburg Address”. • **Gettysburg Activity

30. Civil War Medicine Video

31. Battle of Vicksburg • Interactive Battle Map • Vicksburg Activity

32. Fort Wagner • 54th Massachusetts • This battle caused more Northerners • to recognize the contributions of African-American soldiers and to support abolition.

33. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Picture Analysis from MTSU • Strategy: Total War

34. Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse • Info Graphic and Article

35. Other Important Dates: • In March of 1864, Pres. Lincoln appointed Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to lead the Union Army. • On Nov. 6 1864, President Lincoln was reelected as president of the Union. • After several more battles, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865. The war was officially over. • On April 14, 1865, while enjoying a night at the theater with his wife, Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth. He died at 7:22 a.m. the next day. • On Dec. 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified. This amendment abolished (ended) slavery.