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MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER

MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER. Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT 31 JUL 2002 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25 Sky/Weather: MOSUNNY Temperature: 83 F (28 C)

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MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER

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  1. MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT 31 JUL 2002 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25 Sky/Weather: MOSUNNY Temperature: 83 F (28 C) Dew Point: 66 F (18 C) Relative Humidity: 56% Wind: SW8 MPH Barometer: 30.00S (1015.9 mb)

  2. Last 24 hrs in Madison FOG

  3. CURRENT VISIBLE

  4. Current Surface Weather Map with Isobars (“iso” = equal & “bar” = weight), Fronts and Radar

  5. Current Temperatures (°F) & Isotherms(“iso” = equal +”therm” = temperature)

  6. Current Dewpoints (oF)

  7. Tomorrow AM Forecast Map

  8. Current Surface Weather Map with Isobars (“iso” = equal & “bar” = weight), Fronts and Radar

  9. Current Surface Winds with Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed) H L L L L H L H L L H H L H L L L L H H H H

  10. Current 5,000 ft. Windswith Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed)

  11. Current 10,000 ft. Windswith Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed)

  12. Current 34,000 ft. Winds & Jet Streamwith Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed) Trough Ridge

  13. ATM OCN 100 - Spring 2002 LECTURE 20 (con’t.) THE THEORY OF WINDS: PART III - RESULTANT ATMOSPHERIC MOTIONS (con’t.) • Introduction & Assumptions Buys-Ballot Law Hydrostatic Balance Relationship • Horizontal Equation of Motion Local Winds Geostrophic Winds Winds in Friction Layer

  14. Summary of Forces for selected modelsSee Table 9.1 Moran & Morgan (1997) MODELS

  15. Current Midwest Weather Plot

  16. Current Midwest Weather Analysis L H

  17. Flow in Friction LayerSee Fig. 9.15 Moran & Morgan (1997) No Friction Geostrophic Friction Subgeostrophic

  18. Flow in Friction LayerSee Fig. 9.15 Moran & Morgan (1997) Vector Magnitude1. Depends on Friction 2. Less than Geostrophic Wind • Vector Direction: • Angles across isobars • Toward Low in either hemisphere

  19. Observation:Right with Height

  20. Variation of Friction Effects with HeightSee Fig. 9.16 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  21. Varying effects of Surface Roughness

  22. Variations in Surface Roughness leads to divergence/convergence patternsSee Fig. 9.22 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  23. F. CURVED, HORIZONTAL BALANCED MOTION - “GRADIENT FLOW” • Assumptions • Without Friction • Two Cases

  24. Summary of Forces for selected modelsSee Table 9.1 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  25. “GRADIENT” FLOW: ANTICYCLONIC CaseSee Fig. 9.13 Moran and Morgan (1997):

  26. “GRADIENT” FLOW: ANTICYCLONIC CaseSee Fig. 9.13 Moran and Morgan (1997):

  27. “GRADIENT” FLOW: CYCLONIC CaseSee Fig. 9.14 Moran and Morgan (1997):

  28. “GRADIENT” FLOW: CYCLONIC CaseSee Fig. 9.14 Moran and Morgan (1997):

  29. G. GRADIENT FLOW WITH FRICTION • Resultant flow with Friction FCentripetal =FPG,H + FCor + FFriction (A vector summation).

  30. Summary of Forces for selected modelsSee Table 9.1 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  31. G. GRADIENT FLOW WITH FRICTION • Resultant flow with Friction FCentripetal =FPG,H + FCor + FFriction (A vector summation). • Applicability to the Atmosphere • Situation • Resultant Diagrams

  32. Anticyclonic Flow in Friction Layer Fig. 9.17 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  33. Cyclonic Flow in Friction Layer Fig. 9.18 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  34. Near-Surface Windsin each HemisphereSee Figs. 9.17 & 9.18 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  35. Summary of Forces for selected modelsSee Table 9.1 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  36. H. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL MOTIONS • Dilemma • Convergence / Divergence • Principle of Mass Continuity

  37. Features in a Surface Low (Convergence & Ascent)

  38. Features in a Surface High (Sinking & Divergence)

  39. H. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL MOTIONS (con’t.) • Dines’ Compensation • Resultant Vertical Motions • Implications of Dines' Compensation

  40. I. VORTICES & VORTICITY • Definitions • Characteristic Vortex Features

  41. Vorticity Cyclonic Vorticity • Types of Vorticity Anticyclonic Vorticity

  42. Vorticity • Conservation of Vorticity

  43. ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2002 LECTURE 24 PLANETARY-SCALE CIRCULATION of EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE A. INTRODUCTION • Why do weather systems in ...mid latitudes move from west to east? but..tropics move from east to west?

  44. Typical Movement of Storms

  45. Year 2001 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Tracks in North Atlantic 8 Hurricanes 7 Trop. Storms

  46. Year 2001 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Tracks in Eastern/Central North Pacific 8 Hurricanes 7 Trop. Storms

  47. B. GLOBAL SCALE PREVAILING SURFACE WINDS • Historical Wind Observations • Popular Names of Principal Prevailing Surface Wind Regimes • Where…

  48. Popular Names of Global-Scale Prevailing Wind Belts Polar easterlies Westerlies Horse Latitudes NE Trades Doldrums SE Trades Horse Latitudes Westerlies Polar easterlies

  49. Average Air Pressure & Atmospheric Circulation • Polar Highs (or anticyclones) • Subpolar Lows (or cyclones) Subtropical High Pressure Cells IntertropicalConvergence Zone (ITCZ) ~ Subtropical High Pressure Cells Subpolar Lows (or cyclones

  50. C. AVERAGE SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE PATTERNSSee Table 10.1 Moran & Morgan (1997) • Relationships between Prevailing winds & Major Pressure Patterns

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