1 / 40

Collision Avoidance Procedures

Collision Avoidance Procedures. Soaring Safety Foundation Flight Instructor Refresher Clinic Rich Carlson. Sharing Airspace. Regulations. FAR 91.113 (b) Regardless of … IFR or VFR … all pilots will observe “See and Avoid” procedures Advisory Circular 90-48C

jonco
Download Presentation

Collision Avoidance Procedures

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Collision Avoidance Procedures Soaring Safety Foundation Flight Instructor Refresher Clinic Rich Carlson

  2. Sharing Airspace

  3. Regulations • FAR 91.113 (b) • Regardless of … IFR or VFR … all pilots will observe “See and Avoid” procedures • Advisory Circular 90-48C • Pilots role in collision avoidance • AIM Section 4-4-13 (d) • Describes effective scanning techniques

  4. See and Avoid • Basic Concept • Look outside and avoid running into other aircraft!

  5. See and Avoid • Advantages • Uses Mark I human eyeball • Low regulatory overhead • Limitations • Pilot must recognize hazard and take action

  6. Mark I Eyeball Supplement Page 8

  7. Problems • Physiological issues • Blind spot • Empty Field Myopia • Physical obstructions • Seat location • Canopy rails • Instruments

  8. Visual Scanning • Peripheral vision detects motion • Foveal vision identifies objects • Proper scanning procedures • Use multiple sectors (10 deg) • Stop in each sector for a second or 2 • Focus on distant object

  9. Known Hazardous Areas • General areas • Near VOR’s • In and around Class D, C, and B airspace • Near victor airways • Within 5 miles and 3000 ft of an airport

  10. Known Hazardous Areas • Glider Specific • Thermals • Start/Finish Gate • Turnpoints • Ridge line • Others

  11. Aircraft Markings • Anti-collision markings • A study by the OSTIV TSP found that high visibility color (Safety Orange) reduced the visibility of a glider • Highly reflective ‘mirror’ tape did a much better job

  12. Visual Perception • The blocks on the lower left mark the danger area for the speeds quoted, when aircraft are on a collision course. This danger area is based on the recognition and reaction time shown in the table on the lower right. • From AC 90-48C

  13. Reaction time in seconds

  14. Visual Perception • Move back 12 feet from this illustration. From that position the silhouettes represent a T-33 aircraft as it would appear to you from the distances indicated in the table on the left. The time required to cover these distances is given in seconds for a combined speed of 360 and 600 mph. • From AC 90-48C

  15. Is a collision imminent?

  16. Position Reporting • Where am I • Where are you • Aids to position reporting • GPS distance/bearing • Altitude • Known ground reference

  17. Electronic Aids • Radio’s • Transponders • Operation limitations • Glider only codes

  18. Portable Collision Avoidance Boxes PCAS - XRX PCAS - MRX http://www.zaonflight.com/

  19. Situational Awareness • What’s happening now • What’s going to happen next • What’s going to happen soon • What’s he going to do

  20. 12 Action Items from Jim Short’s “Airspace in the New Century” • Prominent posting of airline arrival/departure routes and expected altitudes • Post NOTAMs for meets and contests • Define local areas that are relatively safe • Voluntarily avoid high risk areas • Increase our personal vigilance at critical altitudes • Consider a Mode C transponder Supplement Page 7

  21. Summary • Remember – most mid-airs and near mid-airs occur during the day, in VFR conditions, close to an airport • See and Avoid procedures need to be taught

More Related