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Persian Tiles. Students will learn to make tiles using under-glaze and majolica techniques. The lesson incorporates art history, multi-culture, aesthetics, and criticism with hands on activity.
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Persian Tiles Students will learn to make tiles using under-glaze and majolica techniques. The lesson incorporates art history, multi-culture, aesthetics, and criticism with hands on activity. The Lesson focuses on important design elements and a variety of technical skills essential to tile making
History • The creation of Persian Tiles began about 1200 A.D. • After conquering Timer, the people of Persia learned from the Chinese pottery that many colors could be added to one tile.
History • By 1500 A.D., the colors of Chinese pottery became a integral part of Persian tile-making and unique to the region. • Persian tile decorating reached its zenith in the 18th and 19th centuries. Tiles are used in two different ways for art. • First the mosaic- a design created from gluing bits of different colored tiles together. • Second, in Persian, is called Ghlami- a technique where several colors are painted onto one tile with a brush. • You will be creating Persian Ghlami tiles using under-glazes and or majolica technique.
Background • Persian tile designs were not created by the tile-maker, but rather by a design specialists. The tile-maker expanded the design to fit the working space- the wall, a floor, a roof. • The Designs were repeated over and over again. Each tile had its own part of the overall pattern. • The tile design like carpet design is both a craft and a industry that has evolved in Persia over the centuries. • Small specialties firms over all of Iran employ very talented artisans to design and make carpets, tiles, pottery, brass work, woodwork, and fabric. • These are very complicated, very beautiful art form, and the craft is studied and learned from one generation to another.
New Vocabulary: • Mojolica- a type of elaborately decorated pottery developed in the Middle Ages and refined in the Renaissance. White tin glazed earth-wear was painted and decorated with stains and oxides. • We can have the same effects using safer materials today. • Persia- the former name for a country in the Middle East (Southwestern Asia) now called Iran. • Under-glaze- a special type of color that is put on a ceramic piece before the glaze. It has no flux (glass former) in it so it stays where it put when fired and is good for detail work.
Instructions: Making the under-glaze tile • Step 1 Group or individual project. (Group 8 or more tiles, Individual 4 or more tiles) • Step 2 Roll out (4 or 8) ½ inch thick 7” x 7” clay Squares. • Make sure they are all the same size and thickness. • Step 3 Bisque Fire Tiles.
Instructions: Pattern • Make your pattern, or choose one of mine • Using your unglazed bisque tiles, transfer or trace the design onto the tiles with the carbon method.
Instructions: Under-glaze Tiles • Use the black Velvet under-glaze and other colors to paint the outline of the carbon tracing. • Select colors to reflect the design or effect you wish to achieve. • Fill in each area of the design, each color, using three coats of under-glaze or velvets for complete coverage. • Go over the outline again to make sure that all the lines are precise thickness. • Check all the colors for complete and solid coverage.
Instructions: Under-glaze Tiles • When the tile is complete and the under-glazes are dry, apply at least two coats of clear glaze. • Wait for each coat to dry before applying the next coat. • Tiles are fired to cone 04 (1400*F)
Instructions: Majolica Tiles • Choose a pattern or design your own. • Apply four coats of opaque white glaze to the tile. • Be sure each coat is dry before the next coat is painted. • When the glaze is completely dry, carefully trace design onto tile using the carbon transfer method.
Instructions: Majolica Tiles • Use AMACO black from the majolica gloss decorating color series (GDC) to outline the design. This is applied over the unfired white glaze. • Basic background colors using Majolica Gloss Decorating Colors are applied with three coats. • Tile is fired to cone 04 for four hours creating rich colors with a glossy surface texture.
