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OTTOMAN EMPIRE

OTTOMAN EMPIRE. START OF EMPIRE. OSMAN. Nomadic MUSLIM group from Asia Minor Not Arabs – TURKS Military warriors known as Ghazis Most successful Ghazi – OSMAN Known as Othman in the West Osman followers called Ottomans Ottoman Rulers – SULTANS

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OTTOMAN EMPIRE

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  1. OTTOMAN EMPIRE

  2. START OF EMPIRE OSMAN Nomadic MUSLIM group from Asia Minor Not Arabs – TURKS Military warriors known as Ghazis Most successful Ghazi – OSMAN Known as Othman in the West Osman followers called Ottomans Ottoman Rulers – SULTANS Settle in ANATOLIA(Turkey)

  3. Ottoman Sultans

  4. MEHMED II MEHMED II 1451 – Becomes Sultan 1453 – Conquers Byzantine capital CONSTANTINOPLE (Ending the Byzantine Empire) Mehmed was only 21 years old 100,000 man army 125 ships

  5. MEHMED II After Conquering Constantinople – Mehmed opened the city to many RELIGIONS and ethnic groups: JEWS CHRISTIANS MUSLIMS TURKS NON-TURKS

  6. ISTANBUL http://vimeo.com/6746927 Ottomans rebuilt Constantinople renamed it – ISTANBUL Why were Ottoman successful? – MILITARY TECHNOLOGY {GUNPOWDER, CANNONS, MUSKETS}

  7. MEHMED II ARRIVING IN CONSTANTINOPLE

  8. SELIM THE GRIM SELIM THE GRIM 1512 – Becomes Sultan Added to Ottoman Empire EGYPT, SYRIA, PALESTINE Took control of both Mecca and Medina Dies in 1520

  9. SULEYMAN Ottoman Empire reached its peak in SIZE and POWER during the rule of SULEYMAN

  10. Suleyman the Magnificent Dominated the seas from Mediterranean to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf Controlled most of the Middle East areas of 3 continents : Asia- TURKEY, SYRIA, PALESTINE MESOPOTAMIA Africa – EGYPT, ALGERIA, TRIPOLI(Libya) Europe – HUNGARY, GREECE, BALKANS

  11. The Ottoman Empire extended as far west as: Vienna, Austria

  12. SULEYMAN SULEYMAN http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdWZvq4yvLU 1520 – Becomes Sultan rules until death in 1566 10th Sultan – rules for 46 years longest ruling Ottoman Sultan Ruled over greatest economic, political, military period in Ottoman History Known in the West as: SULEYMAN the MAGNIFICENT His own people called him: SULEYMAN the LAWGIVER

  13. SULEYMAN THE LAWGIVER Suleyman was a superb MILITARY leader He collected all the judgments that had been issued by the nine Ottoman Sultans who preceded him. After eliminating duplications and choosing between contradictory statements, he issued a single legal code, all the while being careful not to violate the basic laws of Islam. Suleiman personally instituted a system of legislation relating to society, education, taxation, and criminal law.

  14. SULEYMAN THE LAWGIVER Had over 20,000 personal slaves Staffed an elite force of loyal soldiers called Janissaries

  15. OTTOMAN VOCABULARY DEVSHIRME: practice by which the Ottoman Empire took boys from Christian families who were then converted to Islamwith the primary objective of selecting and training the ablest children for leadership positions, either as military leaders or as high administrators to serve the Empire

  16. JANISSARIES Formed in 1383; Abolished in 1826 Gathered from the DEVSHIRME system Janissarieswere mostly boys taken from conquered lands Christian boys,Converted to Islam; trained to be super soldiers LOYALto the Sultan

  17. A force of elite infantry loyal to the Ottoman emperor. The Janissaries were Christian slaves, taken from their villages between the ages of seven and ten, and raised to be loyal soldiers of the emperor, whose personal property they were. The Janissaries were trained bowmen whose loyalty and lack of political connections within the Empire made them invaluable to the stronger sultans. Their loyalty was gained both through their strict training, which took up to ten years, and the prospect of great rewards for good service. Some two thirds of the Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire up at least until the sixteenth century had been Janissaries, as were many other officials of the empire. It was only when the line of Sultans began to weaken that the Janissaries became kingmakers. The first Janissaries were probably recruited by Orkhan, as a personal bodyguard. Their numbers grew, reaching ten thousand in the fifteenth century. Rickard, J. (10 October 2000), Janissaries (Ottoman Empire), http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_janissaries.html.

  18. "Janissary corps". Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.

  19. On Janissaries: “At Buda I made my first acquaintance with the Janissaries; this is the name by which the Turks call the infantry of the royal guard. The Turkish state has 12,000 of these troops when the corps is at its full strength. They are scattered through every part of the empire, either to garrison the forts against the enemy, or to protect the Christians and Jews from the violence of the mob. There is no district with any considerable amount of population, no borough or city, which has not a detachment of Janissaries to protect the Christians, Jews, and other helpless people from outrage and wrong. A garrison of Janissaries is always stationed in the citadel of Buda. The dress of these men consists of a robe reaching down to the ankles, while, to cover their heads, they employ a cowl which, by their account, was originally a cloak sleeve, part of which contains the head, while the remainder hangs down and flaps against the neck. On their forehead is placed a silver gilt cone of considerable height, studded with stones of no great value.” The Turkish Letters (1555-1562) by OgierGhiselin de Busbecq, ambassador of the Holy Roman Emperor. Source: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1555busbecq.html

  20. OTTOMAN VOCABULARY MILLET: Ottomans granted non-Muslims (Jews/Christians) right to organize into communities that followed their own beliefs and possessed certain rights/powers but had to obey the Sultan

  21. CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS Mixed BYZANTINEANDMUSLIMCULTURE Golden Age of Cultural Achievement Patron of the Arts – over 600 artists employed Architectural Developments: Bridges, Mosques, Palaces Best example: Mosque of Suleyman

  22. Suleymaniye Mosque MIMAR SINAN Started in 1550 Finished in 1558 Built to compare with Hagia Sophia Largest mosque in Istanbul Dome is 173 ft high Built by famous architect MimarSinan

  23. DECLINE OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE INTERNAL – poor leaders after Suleyman Government corruption; uprisings of different ethnic groups (nationalism); high taxes; end of janissaries EXTERNAL –rising power of European nations, Ottomans fall behind in new technology – commercial and military – economy based on agriculture not industry

  24. END OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE OTTOMANS SURRENDER WWI The Ottoman Empire would last until the 1900’s Ottomans on the losing side in World War I At end of WWI – Empire was partitioned or divided up Russia, Greece, France, Great Britain, Italy all took parts of the Ottoman Empire New country established - Turkey

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