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Metals

Metals. By: Marrwah Elhakeem 8A. Hypothesis.

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Metals

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  1. Metals By: Marrwah Elhakeem 8A

  2. Hypothesis • In this presentation we are going to investigate the relationship between the reactivity of a metal and the date of it’s discovery. I think that the less reactive the metal is, the earlier it was discovered because they don’t tarnish and they are found on the earth’s crust with other elements. • This relates to Human Ingenuity because it shows how humans used their creativity and they discovered different metals and how to use them.

  3. Zinc • According to records, Zinc was discovered by Andreas Marggraf at 1746 in Germany. • The major uses of zinc are:
-anti-corrosion coatings on steel (galvanizing) 
-precision components (die casting) 
-construction material 
-brass 
-pharmaceuticals and cosmetics

  4. Properties & extraction of Zinc • Zinc has some similar properties to other metals on the periodic table, such as iron. • Zinc shares properties with 12 other group metals and they are all somewhat reactive. • Zinc is extracted using two processes: • RoastingReduction

  5. Magnesium • Magnesium was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. • Magnesium & it’s uses: • Airplanes • Missiles • Science labs for school

  6. Magnesium properties & extraction • Properties: its soft silvery-white aluminum that easily reacts with oxygen. It is usually mixed with other metals to make strong lightweight alloys • Extraction: It is found in the earth’s ocean wheat bran, whole grains, green vegetables, meat & milk etc…

  7. Potassium • Potassium was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. • Some of the uses of potassium: • Almost all of the potassium in the world is used in fertilizers • Potassium chloride is used to stop the heart • Potassium chlorate is used to kill weeds

  8. Potassium properties & extraction • Potassium is one of the most reactive and electropositive of metals. The only metal that is lighter than potassium is lithium. The silvery white metal is soft (easily cut with a knife,) Potassium and its salts will color flames violet. • Extractions: it is extracted from electrolysis of potash.

  9. Lithium • Lithium was discovered by Johann Arfwedson in 1817. • Some uses of Lithium: • Lithium can be used as a coolant due to its high specific heat capacity • Compounds of lithium flares a red color and gives fireworks • Lithium can be used in disposable and rechargeable batteries too

  10. Lithium properties & extraction • Properties: Lithium is a light and highly reactive metal. It is found in many stars. It is a soft silvery-white metal, which can be easily cut with a knife and it is highly reactive • Extraction: Lithium mostly is mined from pegmatite, and could be extracted from lithium batteries.

  11. Aluminum • Aluminum was discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825. • Some uses of Lithium: • the most common end uses of aluminum is packaging, including drinks cans, foil wrappings, bottle tops and foil containers.

  12. Aluminum properties & extractions • Properties: It is lightweight, has a high strength to weight ratio, it has corrosion resistance, it is flexible, and it can also conduct electricity • Extractions: The principle ore of aluminum is bauxite, which is usually mined by open cut technique.

  13. Calcium • Calcium was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. • Some uses of calcium: • Cheese is made using calcium ions • Calcium makes cement and mortar important for constructing buildings • Calcium is used as a reducing agent in order to extract some metals

  14. Calcium properties & extraction • Properties: Calcium is a silvery white, soft alkaline earth metal. Although none of the alkaline earths occur free in nature, calcium compounds are abundant. • Extractions: Calcium is extracted from one of its own compounds because it is not found by itself in nature

  15. Copper • Copper was discovered by someone only known to the ancients. • Some uses of Copper: • Copper is used to pipe water supplies • As a good conductor of electricity, copper is used in Copper wire • Copper is often used to color glass

  16. Copper properties & extraction • Properties: Copper is a good electrical conductor, it is corrosion resistant, it is anti bacterial, it is ductile, and it is also easy to alloy. • Extraction: It is extracted by reduction

  17. Silver • Silver was discovered by someone only known to the ancients. • Some uses of silver: • Cutlery • Jewelry • Batteries • Mirrors

  18. Silver properties & extraction • Properties: including currency, decorative items and mirrors, Silver is slightly harder than gold. It is very ductile and malleable. • Extraction: It is extracted from copper & lead ores. These ores are first crushed and then smelted

  19. Reactivity Series

  20. Reactivity Series • As you can see in the picture on your left, the most reactive metal is potassium, Potassium is the highly reactive towered water ,  and oxygen because it has only one electron in it’s outer shell and its ionization potential is very low. • Furthermore, the least reactive metal is “Platinum”. Due to its exceptional chemical resistance, it is used in Laboratory equipment that requires excellent resistance to acid and alkalis.

  21. Timeline

  22. Conclusion • In my hypothesis I said that I think that the less reactive the metal is, the earlier it was discovered. This is true but magnesium is less reactive than aluminum yet it was discovered before aluminum. • This is because aluminum was discovered as a compound no as an element. It took time to come up with a way to isolate it.

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