1 / 15

LEQ: How does RNA help to make a protein?

LEQ: How does RNA help to make a protein?. 10.6 to 10.9. The Central Dogma of Biology. The Central Dogma of Biology. Transcription – DNA making RNA Translation – RNA making Protein; (aka protein synthesis). The Central Dogma of Biology.

kyle
Download Presentation

LEQ: How does RNA help to make a protein?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. LEQ: How does RNA help to make a protein? 10.6 to 10.9

  2. The Central Dogma of Biology

  3. The Central Dogma of Biology • Transcription – DNA making RNA • Translation – RNA making Protein; (aka protein synthesis)

  4. The Central Dogma of Biology • Archibald Garrod (1909) – determined that genes dictate phenotype through enzymes • His ideas stem from his observations of an inherited disease – Alkaptonuria where affected individuals have a defective enzyme that does not break down two amino acids as aresult the produce Alkapton which makes their urine to turn black

  5. The Central Dogma of Biology • George Beadle and Edward Tatum (1940’s) – American geneticists working with bread mold (Neurasporacrassa) • Strains of nutritional mutants helped them prove that specific enzymes were need to at specific steps in metabolic pathways • “One Gene/One Enzyme”

  6. Transcription • DNA making RNA • Takes place in the nucleus • One main enzyme – RNA Polymerase • RNA is transcribed in a 5’ to 3’ direction • Only ONE strand of DNA is transcribed at a time

  7. DNA language is rewritten in the process of Transcription

  8. Nucleic acid language is converted to the language of proteins in the process of Translation

  9. Transcription Initiation – DNA separates and ONE strand serves as a template for the RNA; RNA polymerase binds to the promotor region of DNA

  10. Transcription Elongation -RNA elongates as complementary RNA nucleotides match up with DNA nucleotides are added in a 5’ to 3’ direction; U is substituted for T As RNA polymerase moves forward, RNA releases from DNA; and DNA rewinds

  11. Transcription Termination – RNA polymerase reaches the terminator sequence & releases the DNA and RNA; DNA rewinds; RNA is ready for the next step

  12. Transcription • Promoter – specific nucleotide sequence in DNA, located @ the start of a gene; binding site for RNA polymerase; where transcription begins • Transcription region – segment of DNA that is made into RNA; the gene • Terminator – sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals • Sense Strand – the strand of DNA that is transcribed into DNA • Nonsense Strand – the strand of DNA this in not transcribed

  13. The Rosetta Stone of Life

  14. Genetic Code • Universal – shared by all organisms; the set of rules giving the correspondence between nucleotide triplets (codons) and amino acids in proteins • Codes for Amino acids – • Building blocks of a proteins • 20 different amino acids • Coded for by groups of three nucleotide bases - codons

  15. Codons • Codons – groups of three consecutive nucletides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or a polypeptide termination signal • AUG – start codon; indicates the starting point for translation; also codes for methionine • Stop codons – don’t code for an amino acid instead it signals the end of translation

More Related