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Battery

International hearing on Climate change and energy access for the poor 26th-28th March 2010, Limbé, Cameroon. MICRO-GRID POWER SYSTEMS BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION: BENEFITS, EXAMPLES AND STEPS TO PROMOTE THESE SOLUTIONS. Autonomous Electrification with RE. PV generator.

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  1. International hearing onClimate change and energy access for the poor26th-28th March 2010, Limbé, Cameroon MICRO-GRID POWER SYSTEMS BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION: BENEFITS, EXAMPLES AND STEPS TO PROMOTE THESE SOLUTIONS

  2. Autonomous Electrification with RE PV generator Conversion and control Battery Consumptions

  3. BACKGROUND: Typical Design approach • Experience in Design and Project management of PV-hybrid micro-power plants in rural areas of southern Europe, Africa, Latin America, Pacific … • Technical specification for PV-hybrid micro-power plants (<100 kW, LV) partially adapted from IEC 62257 TS series, IEA PVPS Task3 and Task11 recommended practices, etc • Demand analysis and segmentation • Standardized technical solutions with high PV penetration • 10 yr. Service horizon with local operator and local capacity building • Monitoring of systems to validate technology and the service

  4. The diversification of the energy resources increase the quality of the service The rational use of energy allows savings in the initial investment and in the maintenance costs

  5. Energy access for the poor: current situation in SSA

  6. Energy access for the poor: current situation in SSA • Low population density • Remoteness from the public grid • Low demand in electricity but with very high value • High energy losses on the transmission lines • High costs of grid extension and connection • High Operation and Maintenance costs • Lack of adequate regulation/business models for decentralized electrification

  7. Energy access for the poor: current situation in SSA • Many villages and households and villages not connected to the grid • Existing micro grids running with Gensets (many are not working) But essential to access to electricity for basic needs (high value for the first few kWh)

  8. Autonomous RE cheaper than grid extension for remote areas Comparison of investment costs for grid extension in selected countries. Source ESMAP 2000

  9. PV cheaper than grid extension for remote areas Comparison of investment costs between grid extension and off-grid PV in Spain

  10. RE Hybrid micro grids more sustainable than fossil fuelled Gensets Levelized costs for PV and Diesel technologies in microgrid for 340 users in Peru (D.R. 5%, Diesel: 1 €/l) Source: http://www.esmap.org/filez/pubs/620200785630_Peru_Solar-Diesel_Amazon_111-07.pdf

  11. From interim to permanent solutions

  12. Typical load profiles Profile 1- Daily Cycle rigid slim loads Profile 2- Base Load 2a-Base Load 2b- Base Load Interruptible 2c- Base Load- Stand-by

  13. From individual PV autonomous power plants to micro-grids Individual PV micro plants in Europe Multi-user micro grids (MSG) in Developing Countries

  14. What is a Hybrid Mini Grid with RE? • A combination of different but complementary energy generation technologies based on renewable energies or mixed (RES + genset) • Hybrid powered mini-grids can provide steady community-level electricity service, such as village electrification, offering also the possibility to be upgraded through grid connection in the future • Total installed power up to 100 kW (according to IEC) • Distribution line in Low Voltage (up to 1.000V) (only distribution) • Single or 3-phase grid PV Hybrid Mini Grid in West Bank, Palestine

  15. From single user to villages: MSG (Multi user Solar Grid) up to 150 kWh/day Typical layout (DC bus-bar micro power plant+AC single phase grid )

  16. Comparison of PV Individual and Micro grids • Challenge: sharing the energy available without conflicts  Energy distribution and metering issue!

  17. VISION: Universal electrification-individual plants and micro grids under one operational scheme MSG Individual Micro-Power Plants MSG

  18. Examples MSG (Multi user Solar Grids) Akkan, Morocco, Africa

  19. Akkan, Morocco

  20. Diakha Madina, Senegal, Africa

  21. Diakha Madina, Senegal

  22. Agreements with users Local kick-off meeting Civil works of multi purpose building Floreana island (Galapagos), Ecuador, South America (I)

  23. Battery Data download Building entry Floreana island (Galapagos), Ecuador, South America (II)

  24. San Lorenzo, Ecuador, South America (I)

  25. Typical household San Lorenzo, Ecuador, South America (II)

  26. San Lorenzo, Ecuador, South America (III)

  27. Electricity Dispenser / meter • Metering and invoicing interface • Energy and power limitation and guidance according to energy allowance contracted • User pays for availability of energy, not for the consumed energy

  28. Ownership and Operation Community based scheme vs Utility based scheme

  29. User’s fees can sustain operation and replacement during the horizon of the project Typical cash flow for MSG of 20 households and monthly fee of 8 USD

  30. Present and future potential for Renewable Energy Micro grids Short-term (0-2 years) • Villages not connected to the grid, where the grid extension is too expensive and not cost effective: micro-grid for basic needs (health, school, water, etc) • Villages with obsolete diesel generator because of the high running costs (Operation and Maintenance): refurbishing distribution grid, electrical installations, etc Medium-term (5-6 years) • Villages not connected to the grid: extension of the mini-grid to private applications and productive uses Long-term (10 years onwards) • Villages not connected to the grid: interconnection of several mini-grids between them or/and the national grid

  31. Constraints and limitations • Training and capacity building • High costs of investment • Critical density for adequate maintenance • Management of accumulated money • Social organization may be a critical issue depending of the management scheme • Unfair existing regulation (unfair regulations that discriminate against technologies that are especially suited to rural areas)

  32. SOME CONCLUSIONS • New technologies available with Renewable Energy hybrid micro-grids • Possibility of decentralised productive electricity uses • MSG little knowledge and often not considered • Very good local governance capacity building • Lack of demonstration and monitoring • Existing barriers: • Conventional tariff structure • Institutions and infrastructure • Engineering and social experience

  33. Thanks for your attention! xavier.vallve@tta.com.es

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