The Allies Win the War

1. The Allies Win the War

3. The Atlantic Charter Aug. 14, 1941 U.S. & Britain agreed to terms of end of war BEFORE U.S. even entered war No expansion of territory No border changes w/o consent of inhabitants Respect free choice of gov’t Promote free trade Encourage international cooperation Secure peace through disarmament & system of general security (inspiration for U.N.) Basically an update of Wilson’s 14 Points The War Rages

5. A New Kind of WAR • Moved quickly by tanks, ship, and airplanes. • Didn’t live in trenches • Bombs dropped by planes destroyed everything including thousands of civilians • Area covering almost half the world • Fought on two major front, or battle lines • Africa and Europe and the other the Pacific

6. New Kind of war • Tanks, ships, planes – QUICK • No trenches • Bombs cause major destruction/civilian casualties • Two major fronts • Euro/Africa • Pacific

7. War in Europe and Africa • Allies’ battle plan in Europe • Gain control of the Mediterranean Sea • InvadeItaly • Defeat Germans and Italians in North Africa • September 1943, Italians surrendered. • German forces kept fighting

8. New Kind of war Euro/Africa September 1943 • Tanks, ships, planes – QUICK • No trenches • Bombs cause major destruction/civilian casualties • Two major fronts • Euro/Africa • Pacific • Allied plan: • Gain control of Mediterranean Sea • Invade Italy • Take North Africa • Italy surrenders, Germany continues to fight

10. D Day • June 6, 1944, the largest water-to-land invasion in history • General Dwight D.Eisenhower led the invasion. • American, Canadian, and British troops crossed the English Channel. • Landed on the beaches of Normandy, in France • Many troops died, but the invasion was successful.

11. Fighting Continues at Normandy • Allies broke through the German lines • Moved inland, pushing back the enemy • Germans counterattacked at the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 • American general, George Patton turned the Germans back. • Patton was the most outstanding general during the invasion of France.

12. D-Day June 6, 1944 Battle of the Bulge December 1944 • Led by Gen. Eisenhower • US, British, Canadian troops cross English Channel and invade Normandy • High casualties • But invasion was successful • Allies break German lines- move inland • Germans counterattack • Gen. Patton pushes back • From then on Germany could do nothing but retreat.

14. Yalta Conference February 4-11 1945 • “Big Three” meet in Yalta • Agree to hold free elections in Eastern Europe after war • USSR promise to declare war on Japan after Germany’s defeat • Agree to form United Nations – international peace keeping organization • Agree to divide Germany into temporary zones

15. President Roosevelt Dies • Did not live to see the end of World War II. • Died on April 12, 1945 • Vice President Harry S. Truman became President.

16. Russia helps Out • Also fighting the Germans • Pushed back from the east. • May 1945 Allied troops from the east and west met near Berlin, the German capital • Learned Hitler had killed himself. • Berlin fell to the Soviets on May 2, 1945 • Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 • Victory in Europe Day or V-E Day • End of the War in Europe

17. USSR Helps V-E Day May 8, 1945 Soviets pushed Germany from the east US, Britain push Germany from the West Victory in Europe Allied Forces entered Germany Hitler committed suicide 4/30/45 Soviet troops took Berlin 5/2/45 Germany surrendered unconditionally 5/8/45 The End of WWII

18. The Division of Germany 1945-1990

19. The Holocaust • Jews, Gypsies, and people with disabilities were hated by Hitler and the Nazis. • Put in concentration camps. • Some were used for cruel medical experiments. • Arrested Jews all over the world. • Mass murdered the Jews, known as the Holocaust. More than 12 million men, women, and children were killed. At least 6 million were JEWS.

21. FDR died 4/12/45 - Replaced by Truman

22. Potsdam Conference July 17-Aug 2, 1945 Big 3 meet Potsdam Agreement is settlement for Germany Did not punish Germany, rather helped to strengthen German Economy to prevent future war Calls for democratic practices Potsdam Declaration Issued Ultimatum to Japan

23. A Secret Weapon • President Truman found out former President Roosevelt had allowed the development of the Atomic Bomb • The most powerful bomb the world had ever known. • Summer of 1945, the atomic bomb was ready. • Truman wanted to end the war quickly to save American lives.

24. Pros Deciding to drop the Atomic Bomb Generals predicted high casualties from land invasion Japan would not surrender Heavy casualties in the Pacific each day war prolonged P.O.W. treated horribly Rumor P.O.W.s would be slaughtered if Japan was invaded

25. Con’s We were not sure the bomb would explode a failed bomb might harden Japanese resistance We were not totally sure of the bombs effects Japan could shoot down plane with bomb on board

26. The Sky Explodes • August 6, 1945, the American bomber, Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. • A flash like an exploding Sun • Mushroom shaped cloud rose from the city • Killed over 75,000 civilians • Japan still DID NOT SURRENDER!

28. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 • 70,000 killed immediately. • 48,000 buildings. destroyed. • 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

29. The Second Bomb • August 9, 1945, the United States dropped the second bomb on Japan. • Nagasaki. • Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945 • V-J Day or Victory over Japan Day. • World War II was FINALLY over! • Over 300,000 Americans dead and over 15 millions other soldiers from other countries died in the fighting.

30. Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 • 40,000 killed immediately. • 60,000 injured. • 100,000s died ofradiation poisoning& cancer later.

31. Bombs Dropped V-J Day August 15, 1945 August 6, 1945 U.S. dropped Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima August 8, 1945 USSR invades Manchuria, China August 9, 1945 U.S. dropped Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki August 15, 1945 Emperor Hirohito announces defeat on Japanese radio Hirohito signs surrender Sept.. 2, 1945 on board the U.S.S. Missouri Victory over Japan

32. Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

33. Hiroshima Memorials Hiroshima Peace Memorial The A-Bomb Dome is the skeletal ruins of the former Industrial Promotion Hall. It is the building closest to the hypocenter of the nuclear bomb that remained at least partially standing. The main building of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

34. Children’s Peace Monument The Children’s Peace Monument is a statue dedicated to the memory of the children who died as a result of the bombing. The statue is of a girl with outstretched arms with a folded paper crane rising above her. The statue is based on the true story of Sadako Sasaki, a young girl who died from radiation from the bomb. She believed that if she folded 1,000 paper cranes she would be cured. To this day, people (mostly children) from around the world fold cranes and send them to Hiroshima where they are placed near the statue.

35. V-J Day (September 2, 1945)

36. V-J Day in Times Square,NYC

37. WW II Casualties • Civilians only. • Army and navy figures. • Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. • Deaths from all causes. • Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. • Against Soviet Russia; 169,822against Nazi Germany. • National Defense Ctr., CanadianForces Hq., Director of History.

38. The Nuremberg War Trials:Crimes Against Humanity

39. Japanese War Crimes Trials General Hideki Tojo Bio-Chemical Experiments

40. WW II Casualties • Civilians only. • Army and navy figures. • Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. • Deaths from all causes. • Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. • Against Soviet Russia; 169,822against Nazi Germany. • National Defense Ctr., CanadianForces Hq., Director of History.

41. European Recover Program “ERP” The Marshall Plan 1947-1952 U.S. Aid to rebuild European economy after WWII Learned lessons from WWI - help don’t hurt losing side $13 Billion in aid Post WWII

42. Why did U.S. offer aid? Europe was a market for U.S. goods Europe might have used Soviet or Communist methods to rebuild w/o U.S. aid W. Germany was the industrial hub and had to be rebuilt as a buffer to Soviet expansion

43. San Francisco Peace Treaty Treaty with Japan Signed Sept. 1951 Japan regained independence Korea made independent Japan renounced claims on Taiwan U.S. kept control over Okinawa and Ogasawara Islands

44. Why did the U.S. help Japan? U.S. helped Japan to rebuild a strong manufacturing economy We had learned a good lesson from WWI - don’t hurt losing side, help them

45. A Changed World • Another world organization of nations • U.S. supported it this time • United Nations was formed in April 1945. • Goal was to keep world peace • Promote cooperation among nations

46. The Creation of the U. N.

48. America, the Strongest Nation • America became the world’s strongest nation • Helped other nations rebuild • Trouble on the horizon • Soviet Union became bitter • Soviet Union set up a communist government • Communism is a system in which all property is owned by the government.