1 / 18

Chapter 31 The Nervous System

Chapter 31 The Nervous System. By: Aubrey Fischer Jenny Czech. 31.1. The Function of the Nervous S ystem: Send and receive messages within the body Respond to stimuli Neuron- basic unit of structure and function of the nervous system. 31.1.

leo-dorsey
Download Presentation

Chapter 31 The Nervous System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 31The Nervous System By: Aubrey Fischer Jenny Czech

  2. 31.1 The Function of the Nervous System: • Send and receive messages within the body • Respond to stimuli Neuron- basic unit of structure and function of the nervous system

  3. 31.1 • peripheral nervous system: network of nerves and supporting cells that carries signals into and out of the central nervous system • central nervous system: includes the brain and spinal cord; processes information and creates a response that is delivered to the body • cell body: largest part of a typical neuron, contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm • Dendrite: extension of the cell body of a neuron that carries impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body • Axon: long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron • myelin sheath: insulating membrane surrounding the axon in some neurons • resting potential: electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron

  4. 31.1 • action potential: reversal of charges across the cell membrane of a neuron; also called a nerve impulse • Threshold: minimum level of a stimulus that is required to cause an impulse • Synapse: point at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell • Neurotransmitter: chemical used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell

  5. 31.1 Types of Neurons: • Sensory Neurons: Impulse from sense organ to spinal cord/brain • Motor Neurons: Impulse from brain/spinal cord to muscles and glands • Interneurons: Connect sensory and motor neurons

  6. 31.1 Nerve Transmission: • Messages are electrical and chemical signals • An electric charge is conducted down a neuron (Dendrite to axon) • Axon is covered in an insulating layer called a myelin sheath to speed up impulses • As it reaches the end of the axon, chemicals (neurotransmitters) are released across the synapse (gap between neurons) to the next neuron • The message continues neuron to neuron

  7. 31.2 Vocab • Reflex: quick, automatic response to a stimulus • Cerebrum: part of the brain responsible for voluntary activities of the body; the “thinking” region of the brain • cerebral cortex: outer layer of the cerebrum of a mammal’s brain; center of thinking and other complex behaviors

  8. 31.2 Vocab • Thalamus: brain structure that receives messages from the sense organs and relays the information to the proper region of the cerebrum for further processing • Hypothalamus: structure of the brain that acts as a control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature • Cerebellum: part of the brain that coordinates movement and controls balance • brain stem: structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; includes the medulla oblongata and the pons • Dopamine: neurotransmitter that is associated with the brain’s pleasure and reward centers

  9. 31.2 Central Nervous System • Brain- control center; transmits and receives messages • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brain Stem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata.) • Spinal Cord- connects brain with rest of the nervous system

  10. 31.2 Addiction and the Brain: • Dopamine – neurotransmitter released with pleasurable activities • Addictive drugs cause large release of dopamine (resulting in “high”) • Brain reacts by reducing number of receptors for dopamine  normal activities no longer produce the pleasure they once did

  11. 31.3 Vocab • somatic nervous system: part of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to and from skeletal muscles • reflex arc: the sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, and affecter that are involved in a quick response to a stimulus • autonomic nervous system: part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates activities that are involuntary, or not under conscious control; made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic subdivisions

  12. 31.3 Peripheral Nervous System: • Link between the central nervous system and the rest of the body • Network of nerves throughout the body *Made of many neurons

  13. 31.3 Sensory Division: • Transmits impulses from sense organs to central nervous system • Uses sensory receptors • Chemoreceptors • Photoreceptors • Mechanoreceptors • Thermoreceptors • Pain receptors

  14. 31.3 Motor Division: • Transmits impulses from central nervous system to muscles or glands Somatic nervous system: regulates activities under conscious controlAutonomic nervous system: regulates activities that are automatic or involuntary Autonomic nervous system: regulates activities that are automatic or involuntary

  15. 31.4 Vocab • taste bud: sense organs that detect taste • Cochlea: fluid-filled part of inner ear; contains nerve cells that detect sound • semicircular canal: one of three structures in the inner ear that monitor the position of the body in relation to gravity • Cornea: tough transparent layer of the eye through which light enters • Iris: colored part of the eye

  16. 31.4 Vocab • Pupil: small opening in the iris that admits light into the eye • Lens: structure in the eye that focuses light rays on the retina • Retina: innermost layer of the eye; contains photoreceptors • Rod: photoreceptor in the eyes that is sensitive to light but can’t distinguish color • Cone: in the eye, a photoreceptor that responds to light of different colors producing color vision

  17. 31.4 Senses: • Vision- eyes • Hearing and Balance- ears • Smell and taste- nose and mouth • Touch- skin

  18. 31.4 • Hearing/balance Mechanoreceptor • Smell Chemoreceptor • Taste • Touch Mechanoreceptor Pain receptor Thermoreceptor • Vision Photoreceptor

More Related