ISIR Shuttle Hitchhiker Experiment

1. COVIR Multispectral and Stereo Infrared Cloud Observations by COVIR(Compact Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer)J. Spinhirne, R. Lancaster, S. Manthripragada, S. Scott APPLICATION OF UNCOOLED IR ARRAY DETETORS ISIR Shuttle Hitchhiker Experiment ESSP CARE (1998) SIRICE (2001) UnESS TELLUS (1999)

2. Cloud Observation Limits Poor coverage of active sensors and day only coverage Of passive visible/near IR retrievals Multi Sensor Observation Experiment VIS Multi Spectral Radiance IR Height Structure from Lidar

3. CLOUD SCIENCE ISSUES How does cloud cover vary in response to climate change and is the change detectable • Diurnal cloud variation is a large climate issue not adequately addressed by current satellite observations. • COVIR instrument spectral IR/stereo measurement have potential for solar unbiased • cloud retrievals of cloud fraction, height structure and microphysics of thin clouds. ISIR • The lack of coverage and large cost of • missions with active sensors and large • multispectral imagers make them • impractical for multiple platforms. Shuttle lidar

4. COVIR APPROACH Compact, low mass IR/vis Imaging radiometer for multi- Instrument missions Combined IR stereo heights and spectral IR measurement Diurnally unbiased retrievals of cloud physical (IWC) and radiation parameters 234 245 256 267 278 5500 7500 9500 11500 3500 Brightness Temperature (K) Stereo Altitude (m) APPLICATION SCIENCE SCIENCE GOAL: Low cost missions to Significantly improve understanding of cloud response to climate change STS-85 ISIR-01 Measurement

5. A Compact Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Radiometer for Cloud and Surface Observations from Small Spacecraft IIP Project - Engineering Model Development Follow on to ISIR-01 experiment on STS-85 Objective: Develop a much smaller and lower cost infrared and visible imaging radiometer using an uncooled microbolometer focal plane array Develop an engineering model of a 10-15 kg instrument FY 2002 Status: System design complete Detector, Filter and Optics Delivery Over Year Late Instrument mechanical components late Electronics layout done Plan for shuttle Hitchhiker test formulated and Hitchhiker integration designed 6” Compact Infrared and Visible Imaging Radiometer 2002 Concept Development Component Development Mission Flight Proposal Instrument Integration Lab/ ground Test HH Flight Test

6. Design advances: • Fixed strip filter pushbroomimaging • Microbolometer imaging at3.7 um wavelength region A / R C o a t e d G e r m a n i u m W i n d o w 10.8 um 3.7 um 12 um 12 um F i l t e r S u b s t r a t e 1 5 m i l s Detector/Filter Assembly 3 - 5 m i l s S t r i p F i l t e r s D e t e c t o r A r r a y T E C C o o l e r COVIR Instrument (Current) Band Waveband S/NResolution 1 0.6 - 0.7 um 3:11 ½ km 2 11.5 - 12.5 um 0.12 K ½ km 3 3.6 - 4.0 um 0.5 K2 2 km 4 10.3 - 11.3 um 0.12 K ½ km 5 11.5 - 12.5 um 0.12 K ½ km 1 At 0.5% albedo 2 At 300 oK scene temperature

7. Stand alone cloud mission: ESSP (FF or Station) Component of climate mission: Aerosat ESA/NASDA climate mission GPM ISIR (02) Shuttle Hitchhiker with Shuttle Laser Altimeter Potential Missions

8. Study Requirements Improved Observational Requirements for Clouds - Team building Effectiveness of Stereo IR Retrievals - Optically thin layers and multi level clouds - Spilt window retrieval from combined stereo approach - Cloud fraction analysis - Team building Instrument Approach for 3.7 um Radiometric Imaging - Sensitivity and averaging for microbolometer imaging - Alternative Approaches Instrument Cost and Schedule

9. 6” Multispectral and Stereo Infrared Cloud Observations by COVIR(Compact Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer)Summary • IIP and Hitchhiker follow on • Application of uncooled array detector for climate science SCIENCE GOAL: Low cost missions to Significantly improve understanding of cloud response to climate change COVIR APPROACH: Compact, low mass IR/vis Imaging radiometer for multi- Instrument missions Combined IR stereo heights and spectral IR measurement Potential Missions: Stand alone cloud mission: ESSP (FF or Station) Component of climate mission: Aerosat GPM ISIR (02) Shuttle Hitchhiker with Shuttle Laser Altimeter

10. 45 cm Optic Bench Visible Camera Assembly ~20 cm Internal Blackbody IR Camera Assembly Scanmirror Assembly IR Detector Electronics Scale ~ 11 cm COVIR/ ISIR(02) BACK UP CHARTS

11. Objectives: • Develop Compact, Low Cost and Rugged Imaging Infrared Cloud Radiometers • Test the Application of Uncooled Microbolometer Focal Plane Arrays for Space Borne Imaging Applications • Observations For Cloud Science: Obtain Combined Passive/Active Remote Sensing From Joint Shuttle Flight with the SLA Lidar Specifications: • Microbolometer array detector eliminates cooling requirements • Push broom imaging eliminates mechanical scanning • Time delay integration improves NEDT by the square root of the along track detector elements • 8, 11, 12 & 7-14 m channels, 0.1-0.01oK NEDT, 250 m resolution, 82Km swath Space Shuttle Experiment for Uncooled IR Array Infrared Spectral Imaging Radiometer (ISIR) Microbolometer Array

12. ISIR 10.8 um Channel (Coast of New Jersey) 80 km (50 mi) 145 km (90 mi)

13. Uncooled Microbolometer FPA

14. Support Requests Cloud Retrieval Studies – University Grant - GEST Co-I (1/4 my) Instrument trade studies – GEST Co-I (1/2 my) COVIR Completion and Testing Flight Boards - $80,000