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LOTS 8: Nuclear Changes

LOTS 8: Nuclear Changes. Mr. P, Physical Science. Alpha Particle. Largest radioactive particle emitted during nuclear decay; it is positively charged and is also represented as a helium nucleus, 4 He. α. Symbol meaning “alpha particle”. Average Atomic Mass.

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LOTS 8: Nuclear Changes

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  1. LOTS 8: Nuclear Changes Mr. P, Physical Science

  2. Alpha Particle Largest radioactive particle emitted during nuclear decay; it is positively charged and is also represented as a helium nucleus, 4He

  3. α Symbol meaning “alpha particle”

  4. Average Atomic Mass Mean mass of the most stable isotopes for an element that is often rounded, then the number of protons is subtracted from it to find the number of neutrons in that atom

  5. Beta Particle Smallest radioactive particle emitted during nuclear decay; is it negatively charged because a neutron is broken into a proton, which stays in the nucleus, and electron, which leaves

  6. β Symbol meaning “beta particle”

  7. Emit To give off; unstable nuclei do this in order to try and become stable

  8. Fission Process of forcing one large, usually unstable, nucleus to break apart in order to release energy; this can result in a chain reaction, giving off massive amounts of energy and leaving behind radioactive nuclear waste

  9. Fusion Process of forcing two smaller nuclei to combine into one larger nucleus, which releases energy

  10. Gamma Radiation High-level (dangerous) radiation given off by radioactive nuclei that changes the energy level of the isotope and notits mass

  11. γ Symbol meaning “gamma radiation”

  12. Half-life The amount of time it takes for half of a sample of unstable isotopes to decay

  13. Hyphen Notation Expression of an isotope that shows the name and mass number, separated by a hyphen

  14. Neutron Emission This occurs during fission and fusion; a neutron is given off from the reaction and is able to affect other isotopes when it combines with a nucleus to increase its mass by 1 amu

  15. Nuclear Decay Process the nucleus undergoes by giving off radiation in order to become stable

  16. Nuclear Radiation Term describing all the particles and energy emitted during nuclear decay, fission, or fusion

  17. Nuclear Symbol Expression of an isotope that shows the mass number (top left), the atomic number (bottom left), and the element’s chemical symbol

  18. Nuclear Waste Radioactive isotopes left over after fission that cannot be broken down to release any more energy; this give off nuclear radiation and is very hazardous to organisms

  19. Radioactivity Tendency of unstable nuclei to break down in order to become stable

  20. Stable Nucleus A nucleus that does not decay because it has the proper proportions of protons and neutrons

  21. Unstable Nucleus A nucleus that has too much mass as compared to the average atomic mass of the “healthy” isotope, usually found on the Periodic table; usually heavier than lead, Pb

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