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An Introduction to the Human Body

An Introduction to the Human Body. Anatomy. study of structure relationships among structures Derived from the Greek words: - Anatome - to dissect - Ana - apart - Tomy - cut. Subdivisions of Anatomy. Examples: - gross anatomy (macroscopic) study of large body parts

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An Introduction to the Human Body

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  1. An Introduction to the Human Body

  2. Anatomy • study of structure • relationships among structures • Derived from the Greek words: - Anatome - to dissect - Ana - apart - Tomy - cut

  3. Subdivisions of Anatomy • Examples: - gross anatomy (macroscopic) study of large body parts (muscles, bones, and internal organs) - histology (microscopic) study of cells and tissues requiring the use of a microscope

  4. Physiology • study of the functions of body parts and how they work together - physio - working - ology - study

  5. Subdivisions of Physiology • Examples: - neurophysiology - brain and nervous tissue - cardiac - heart - respiratory - lungs and trachea - reproductive - reproductive organs - renal - kidneys, bladder, and ureters - endocrine - endocrine organs

  6. Levels of Structural Organization • atoms • molecules • cells • tissues • organs • systems • organism

  7. Atoms • tiny building blocks of matter Examples of the most common atoms: carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) nitrogen (N) calcium (Ca) potassium (K) sodium (Na)

  8. atoms combine together to form molecules

  9. Molecules • chemical combination of 2 or more atoms • Examples of molecules: - proteins - carbohydrates - fats - vitamins

  10. Molecule ATP

  11. Cells • basic structural and functional units of an organism • cell groups have different structures • perform different functions • specialized structures within a cell are called organelles

  12. Cell

  13. Tissues • Four basic types of tissues in the human body: - epithelial tissue - muscle tissue - connective tissue - nervous tissue

  14. Epithelial Tissue - Skin

  15. Muscle Tissue

  16. Connective Tissue - Bone

  17. Nervous Tissue - Brain

  18. Tissues (cont.) • each cell within a tissue has a specific function • Examples: - parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) in stomach - mucous cells produce mucus

  19. Organs • structures composed of two or more tissue types • specific functions • recognizable shapes • Examples: - heart, lungs, brain, liver, stomach, intestines, etc.

  20. Organ

  21. Systems • several organs work together for a common purpose • Example: - digestive system includes many organs, each with its own function

  22. Organ System digestive system

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