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Iran & Middle East

Iran & Middle East. FOUNDATIONS of ISLAM. “Islam” = “Surrender to God” Prophet – Muhammad (d. 632) His preaching accepted as early as 622 Emphasis on: - individual’s relationship to God - human relations in society

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Iran & Middle East

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  1. Iran & Middle East

  2. FOUNDATIONS of ISLAM • “Islam” = “Surrender to God” • Prophet – Muhammad (d. 632) • His preaching accepted as early as 622 • Emphasis on:- individual’s relationship to God- human relations in society • Islamic law governs all aspects of life(no distinction between secular and sacred)

  3. BASIC TENETS of the FAITH • Qu’ran (Koran) – revealed word of God • Belief in single, monotheistic God • Belief in angels (agents of God) • Belief in prophets (Muhammand follows line from Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus...) • Belief in a final “Day of Judgement”

  4. FIVE “PILLARS” OF ISLAM • To recite the “Profession of Faith” at least once in your life • To observe the 5 daily prayers • To pay the “Zukat” for the support of the poor • To fast during daylight hours in the holy month of Ramadan • To perform the “Haij” (pilgrimage to Mecca), if possible

  5. LAWS & CODE of CONDUCT • Based on Qu’ran (known only through Muhammad, until his death) • Haddith - Interpretations & Opinions by followers • Sunnah – “Well Trodden Path” (developed later, consensus of community) (70-90%) • Shi’ia - “Partisans of Allah” (conservative)10-20%) • Sufi – emphasis on the spiritual aspects

  6. Qu’ran Book 73 Verse 4 • YUSUFALI translation: [1] O thou folded in garments![2] Stand (to prayer) by night, but not all night,[3] Half of it,- or a little less, [4] Or a little more; and recite the Qur'an in slow, measured rhythmic tones. • PICKTHAL translation: [1] O thou wrapped up in thy raiment![2] Keep vigil the night long, save a little –[3] A half thereof, or abate a little thereof [4] Or add (a little) thereto - and chant the Qur'an in measure, • SHAKIR translation: [1] O you who have wrapped up in your garments! [2] Rise to pray in the night except a little,[3] Half of it, or lessen it a little[4] Or add to it, and recite the Quran as it ought to be recited.

  7. Qur’an Book 7 Verse 204 • YUSUFALI translation: [204] When the Qur’an is read, listen to it with attention, and hold your peace: that ye may receive Mercy. • PICKTHAL translation: [204] And when the Qur’an is recited, give ear to it and pay heed, that ye may obtain mercy. • SHAKIR translation: [204]And when the Qur’an is recited, then listen to it and remain silent, that mercy may be shown to you.

  8. THE ARTS & MUSIC in ISLAM • Little music before Islam, except Poetry • Visual arts limited to abstract figuration • Music forbidden by Orthodox as article of faith (but….nothing in Qu’ran) • Khandan – chanting of Qu’ran • Musiqi – secular music (all other types)

  9. Chanting the Qu’ran • YouTube - Quran Recitation Fahd Al-Kanderi/Kandari- surat at-tawbah (10:58) • YouTube - My Favourite Qur'an Recitors (Some Of My Favourite) (10:23) • YouTube - Quran recitation by Ahmed Saud [w/ English translation] (9:16) [entire Chapter 52] • YouTube - Amazing recitation of the Qur'an by a young child! (2:31) • beautiful recitation - Surat al-Fajr سورة الفجر – YouTube (6:40)

  10. Chanting of Qur’an (vocal) Free rhythm(non-metrical) Improvisatory(or sounds like) Monophonic Sacred Traditional Uses Instruments Strict rhythms(metrical) Pre-composed Polyphonic Secular Westernized KHANDAN vs. MUSIQI

  11. Khandan or Musiqi? • Islamic Call to Prayer - [Islam Calls You] – YouTube • 09-ESKİ ORDU MARŞI [HD] – YouTube • Horon - Folk Dance from Black Sea Region of Turkey (Rize Kalkandere) – YouTube • Taksim turkish Saz Baglama - Youness Lhorri – YouTube • Sarı Zeybek - Sergio Pugnalin on bağlama saz solo – YouTube • The Sufi Whirling Dervishes of Istanbul – YouTube • Fella - Ya gelbi - Dvdrip - فلة الجزائرية - نتحدث معاك يا قلبي – YouTube • belly dancer in qatar – YouTube • AbdEl Gadir Salim - Bitzid Min' Adhabi - YouTube • Masters of Persian Music - Saz va Avaz (Nahoft) - YouTube

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