1 / 106

Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in

Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in. the presence of a nucleus. the makeup of their cell walls. size. the presence of a cell wall. Unlike eubacteria, archaebacteria. have cell walls. are prokaryotes. have two cell membranes. are thought to be the ancestors of eukaryotes.

mahina
Download Presentation

Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in • the presence of a nucleus. • the makeup of their cell walls. • size. • the presence of a cell wall.

  2. Unlike eubacteria, archaebacteria • have cell walls. • are prokaryotes. • have two cell membranes. • are thought to be the ancestors of eukaryotes.

  3. Which of the following is NOT a way in which archaebacteria and eubacteria differ? • Archaebacteria lack an important carbohydrate found in the cell walls of eubacteria. • The two groups have very different membrane lipids. • Archaebacteria have gene sequences that are similar to those of eukaryotes. • Archaebacteria follow the lytic cycle, while eubacteria follow the lysogenic cycle.

  4. Which of the following are members of the kingdom Archaebacteria? • methanogens • eubacteria • eukaryotes • E. coli

  5. Figure 19–1

  6. The structure in Figure 19–1 represents a(an) • virus. • archaebacterium. • methanogen. • eubacterium.

  7. Which structure or structures shown in Figure 19–1 have key differences in eubacteria and archaebacteria? • A, B, C • A, B, E • D only • A only

  8. Figure 19–2 shows how prokaryotes can be identified by • the composition of their cell walls. • their reaction to the Gram stain. • their cell shapes. • their methods for obtaining energy.

  9. Which cell shape in Figure 19–2 is called a coccus? • A • B • C • none of the above

  10. When treated with Gram stain, Gram-positive eubacteria appear • violet. • pink. • yellow. • orange.

  11. Bacilli, cocci, and spirilla are • Gram stains. • shapes of prokaryotes. • methods of prokaryotic movement. • ways that prokaryotes obtain energy.

  12. Which of the following is(are) used to identify prokaryotes? • cell shape • the way prokaryotes move • the way prokaryotes obtain energy • all of the above

  13. Where are you likely to find a photoautotroph? • in your refrigerator • in the darkness of the ocean • in your digestive system • near the surfaces of lakes, streams, and oceans

  14. Unlike photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs obtain energy • directly from the sun. • directly from inorganic molecules. • indirectly from organic molecules. • indirectly from other organisms.

  15. Most prokaryotes are • heterotrophs. • photoautotrophs. • chemoautotrophs. • photoheterotrophs.

  16. A method called Gram staining is used to tell • what shape a prokaryote has. • how a prokaryote obtains energy. • what kind of cell wall a prokaryote has. • whether a prokaryote has flagella.

  17. Which of the following describes a role of bacteria in the environment? • carrying out photosynthesis • recycling nutrients • fixing nitrogen • all of the above

  18. Bacteria are sometimes called nature’s recyclers because they • undergo conjugation. • break down nutrients in dead matter. • can switch between respiration and fermentation. • carry out photosynthesis.

  19. Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots are called • endospores. • flagella. • photoautotrophs. • decomposers.

  20. Nitrogen fixation involves each of the following EXCEPT • soybeans. • Rhizobium. • fertilizer. • nodules on roots.

  21. Which of the following is produced when bacteria break down complex compounds in sewage? • carbon dioxide gas • purified water • nitrogen • all of the above

  22. Humans use bacteria to • clean up small oil spills. • mine minerals from the ground. • synthesize drugs. • all of the above

  23. Bacteria living in extreme environments may be a good source of • antibiotics. • heat-stable enzymes. • nitrogen-fixing bacteria. • Gram stains.

  24. The outer protein coat of a virus is called a • DNA core. • capsid. • bacteriophage. • tail sheath.

  25. All viruses are made of proteins and • nucleic acids. • prophages. • bacteriophages. • endospores.

  26. A viral capsid functions to • bind the virus to the surface of a host cell. • transcribe viral genes. • force a host cell to make copies of the virus. • destroy a host cell.

  27. The instructions for making new copies of a virus are • a part of a virus’s capsid. • coded in surface proteins attached to the protein coat. • coded in either RNA or DNA. • found only in bacteriophages.

  28. What is the basic structure of a virus? • DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat • a capsid surrounded by a protein coat • a tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers • a tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall

  29. Viruses • are all about the same size. • vary greatly in size and structure. • rarely contain DNA or RNA. • can be seen with a basic compound light microscope.

  30. A lytic infection concludes with the • embedding of viral DNA into the host cell’s DNA. • production of a prophage. • bursting of the host cell. • production of messenger RNA.

  31. A prophage is made of • bacteriophages. • carbohydrates. • capsid proteins. • viral DNA.

  32. Bacteriophages infect • other viruses. • bacteria only. • any available host cell. • cells undergoing the lytic cycle.

  33. Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT • inject their genetic material into the host cell. • enter the lytic cycle. • lyse the host cell right away. • infect host cells.

  34. During a lytic infection, the host cell is • destroyed. • prepared for the lysogenic cycle. • copied many times over. • all of the above

  35. Which of the following is a way that bacteria cause disease? • by capsids • by nitrogen fixation • by conjugation • by releasing toxins

  36. Bacteria that cause disease are called • viruses. • pathogens. • endospores. • antibiotics.

  37. A bacterial infection results when bacteria • break down the body’s tissues. • lyse following the lytic cycle. • live as obligate aerobes in the absence of oxygen. • undergo conjugation inside the body.

  38. Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a bacterium? • tooth decay • tuberculosis • AIDS • Lyme disease

  39. Food stored in a refrigerator will keep longer because the bacteria that spoil food • die at low temperatures. • take longer to multiply at low temperatures. • require light to live. • grow more slowly in the dark.

  40. Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria that is key to keeping them under control? • Most bacteria cannot survive high temperatures for long periods. • Most bacteria are resistant to harmful chemicals. • Most bacteria form endospores when subjected to harsh conditions. • Most bacteria do not cause food to spoil.

  41. Which of the following will NOT kill bacteria? • refrigeration • boiling • chemical disinfection • frying

  42. Which of the following is a proper use of disinfectants? • as an antibiotic • to start conjugation • to sterilize a hospital • to preserve foods

  43. Which of the following is NOT a viral disease? • botulism • AIDS • measles • polio

  44. Viral diseases can be • treated with antibiotics and prevented with vaccines. • treated with vaccines and prevented with antibiotics. • prevented with antibiotics but not treated with vaccines. • prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics.

  45. Plant viruses have a difficult time entering the cells they infect partly because • plant viruses are weaker than animal viruses. • plant cells have tough cell walls. • many plant viruses are spread by insects. • plant viruses do not have a protein coat.

  46. Viruses cause disease by • producing toxins that harm the body. • reproducing independently inside the body. • forming endospores in the body. • disrupting the body’s normal equilibrium.

  47. Scientists reason that archaebacteria may be the ancestors of eukaryotes. If this is true, then archaebacteria and eukaryotes share a common ancestor that is more recent than the common ancestor of archaebacteria and eubacteria. _________________________ • True • False

  48. Many archaebacteria live in extreme environments, such as in Utah’s Great Salt Lake. _________________________ • True • False

  49. Figure 19–2 shows the three shapes of viruses. _________________________ • True • False

  50. The spiral-shaped organism labeled B in Figure 19–2 is an example of a spirillum. _________________________ • True • False

More Related