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OVERVIEW OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND LIVING RESOURCE INTERACTIONS

OVERVIEW OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND LIVING RESOURCE INTERACTIONS. Ross Mandel Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin March 8, 2004. SSTLR. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District Metropolitan Council of Governments Carl Cerco

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OVERVIEW OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND LIVING RESOURCE INTERACTIONS

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  1. OVERVIEW OFSUSPENDED SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND LIVING RESOURCE INTERACTIONS Ross Mandel Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin March 8, 2004

  2. SSTLR U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District Metropolitan Council of Governments Carl Cerco Engineering Research Development Center Supported by D. C. Department of Health Maryland Department of the Environment Chesapeake Bay Program

  3. GOALS OF SSTLR • Improve Representation of Suspended Sediment • Better Simulation of Relation Between Suspended Sediment and Living Resources (Algae, SAV) • Specific Improvements to Eutrophication Model in the Potomac

  4. JANUARY 6, 2004 CBP MODELING SUBCOMMITTEE MEETING http://www.chesapeakebay.net/calendar.cfm

  5. TOPICS • Refined Modeling Grid • Bank Loads • Resuspension and Settling of Sediments • Light Attenuation • Phosphorus Dynamics • pH—Alkalinity—Sediment P Release • Algal Speciation

  6. REFINED MODELING GRID • Improve representation of shoreline processes • Represent DC, MD, and VA waterbodies on 303(d)Lists (including Anacostia River) Sung-Chan Kim (ERDC) Sung-Chan.Kim@erdc.usace.army.mil

  7. BANK LOADS

  8. BANK LOADS--CURRENT MODEL Cerco and Noel (2003): http://www.chesapeakebay.net/modsc.htm

  9. BANK LOADS--SSTLR • Simulate bank erosion by wave action • New bank erosion surveys in MD, VA Photo borrowed from Halka and Hennessee (MSC 1/6/04)

  10. SEDIMENT RESUSPENSIONCURRENT MODEL • Resuspension not represented as a physical process • Net Settling: Settling – Resuspension • Net Settling Rates 5-10% of Actual Settling Velocity

  11. RESUSPENSION RESEARCH—SSTLRFOUR AXIAL SURVEYS OF POTOMAC • Larry Sanford (UMCES) • Carl Friedrichs (VIMS) • Jerome Maa (VIMS) • Joe Gailani (ERCD)

  12. SURVEY SITESfrom Sandford et al. MSC 1/6/04

  13. PARTICLE SETTLING—SSTLRPHYTOPLANKTON-SEDIMENT INTERACTIONSMichael Kemp and Walter Boynton (UMCES) Diatom-Clay Aggregate Hamm (2002) via Kemp and Boynton MSC 1/6/04

  14. LIGHT ATTENTUATIONCURRENT MODEL a1 to a5 = empirical constants ISS = inorganic suspended solids concentration (g m-3) VSS = organic suspended solids concentration (g m-3) DOC = dissolved organic carbon (g C m-3) Chl = chlorophyll (mg m-3) Cerco and Noel (2003)

  15. LIGHT ATTENTUATION—SSTLRCharles Gallegos (Smithsonian) • Reformulate Representation of Light Extinction in terms of Inherent Optical Properties (Absorption and Scattering) • Field measurements of spectral backscattering, total scattering, and absorption • Laboratory measurements of absorption components

  16. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE—CURRENT MODEL Cerco,MSC 1/6/04

  17. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE—SSTLRJeff Cornwell (UMCES) and Vic Bierman (Limno-Tech) Cornwell, MSC 1/6/04

  18. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE—SSTLR • Add Particulate Inorganic Phosphorus to Model • Determine Bio-availability of P Species • Field Work in Potomac: Characterize Spatial/Temporal Distribution of P Species • Laboratory Work: Determine P Sorption

  19. pH-ALKALINITY-PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS James Fitzpatrick (Hydroqual) Vic Bierman and Joe DePinto (Lino-Tech) Smith Point, September 2003 Bierman, MSC 1/6/04

  20. 1983 ALGAL BLOOM • 1970’s: Phosphorus Controls Installed at Blue Plains and Elsewhere to Control Algal Blooms • 1983: High Spring Flows, Low Summer Flows, Below Normal Wind Speeds, Higher Temperatures • July –November :Microcycstis Bloom From Piscataway Creek to Indian Head, Maximum Concentrations > 200ug/L • pH Rises from 7 to 9-10 in Vicinity of Bloom

  21. MECHANISMModeled in Revised Potomac Eutrophication Model (PEM) Post-1983 • Uptake of Inorganic Carbon By Algae Raises pH • High pH ( 9-10) Causes Dramatic Increase in P Released From Sediments • Increased P Concentration Increases Algal Growth

  22. PHOSPHORUS SORPTION DYNAMICS Hydroqual, (MWCOG 1989)

  23. pH—P SORPTION RELATION Hydroqual, (MWCOG 1989)

  24. pH-ALKALINITY MODEL--SSTLR • Put pH P Release Dynamics from PEM in Current Sediment Nutrient Flux Model • New State Variables and Dynamics to Represent pH, Alkalinity, and Calcium in Water Column

  25. ALGAL SPECIATIONVic Bierman (Limno-Tech) and Chris Jones (GMU) • Improve representation of sources, succession, food-web dynamics • Improve representation of spring diatom bloom • Improve representation of Microcystis dynamics

  26. ICPRB SUPPORTED ACTIVITIESFUNDED BY EPA REGION III 104(B) GRANT • Field Characterization of Sediment P and Laboratory Analysis of pH-Mediated Sediment P Release ( Boynton and Cornwell, UMCES) • Collection and Analysis of pH-Alkalinity Data for Potomac Estuary • Review Connection Between Algal Speciation, Chlorophyll Criteria, and Higher Trophic Levels

  27. SCHEDULE COMPLETION DATE: 2007

  28. CONTACT INFO Ross Mandel Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin rmandel@icprb.org

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