Applications of GOES SST for Fisheries Research and Management

1. Applications of GOES SST for Fisheries Research and Management David G. Foley Hawai’i CoastWatch Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research University of Hawai’i R. Michael Laurs NOAA Fisheries Honolulu Laboratory

2. Contributors • Jeff Polovina, Don Kobayashi, Evan Howell, Sam Pooley, Mike Seki, Rusty Brainard, Pierre Kleiber, George Balaazs, Denise Ellis, Gerard DiNardo (NMFS Honolulu Laboratory) • Bob Bidigare, Carrie Leonard (UH) • Grayson Wood and Jay O’Reilly (NMFS Narragansett) • Fred Wu (Wisconsin) • Eileen Maturi and Kent Hughes (NESDIS|ORA) • NESDIS|ORA in general.

3. Overview • Establish technical infrastructure • Directed development of specific applications • Partnership with researchers/managers • Account for regional characteristics • Choose most appropriate products • Sample applications for fisheries research and management in the Pacific and NW Atlantic • Use in Data Fusion and GIS-based Applications • Future needs

4. Launch On-orbit Validation

5. Communications • Process basic data • Generate relevant environmental products • Distribute products in forms both useful and usable

6. NOAA CoastWatchRegional Nodes Great Lakes Northeast Southeast West Coast Gulf of Mexico Caribbean Hawaii Alaska http://coastwatch.noaa.gov

7. Regions of ResponsibilityHonolulu Laboratory

8. Oceanic Satellite Remote Sensing • Provides essential marine environmental information required for: • Fisheries research and management • Research and recovery of protected species • Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast oceanic areas in western Pacific that form the widest geographical jurisdiction in the U.S.

9. Directed Development • Understand Regional Characteristics • Climatic conditions • Physical dynamics • Ecological interest • Focus on application • Choose appropriate platform • Work through example • Deliver product (and technology)

10. Ocean Features Important In Fisheries • Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’ • Mesoscale circulation patterns, e.g., eddies, meanders, ‘loops’ • Convergence zones • Vertical thermal topography • Ocean surface winds • Wave heights

11. Scales of Spatial and Temporal Oceanic Variability

13. CoastWatch Applications • Fisheries Research and Management • Protected Species Investigations • Hawaiian Monk Seal • Marine Turtles • Coral Reef Monitoring and Protection • Satellite Tag Tracking and Analysis

14. Oceanic Satellite Remote Sensing • Provides essential marine environmental information required for: • Fisheries research and management • Research and recovery of protected species • Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast oceanic areas in western Pacific that form the widest geographical jurisdiction in the U.S.

15. Rationale For Satellite Remote Sensing In Fisheries • Variations in marine environmental conditions affect: • Distribution, abundance, and availability of fish populations • Influence the vulnerability and catchability of fish stocks

16. Satellite Data Sources • High Quality Data sets from National and International Agencies. • Derived products generated by regional distributors (e.g., Hawaii CoastWatch). • Fusion of various data types performed at NMFS Honolulu Laboratory

17. Sample Applications • Essential Fish Habitat • Subtropical Convergence Zone • Swordfish Fishery • Marine Turtle Habitat • Eddywatch - Monitoring ocean eddies in the lee of Hawai`I • Impact on Bigeye Tuna Fishery

18. Steering by GOES SST • Maximize resource allocation • Enhance analysis of in situ data • Extrapolate in situ results to larger region

19. Surveying the Subtropical Fronts • Wind Driven Oceanic Convergence • Seasonal variability • Interannual variability • Swordfish Fishery • Protected Marine Turtle Habitat • Accumulation of Marine Debris

20. Shipboard Surveys • Spatial representation of BIGEYE mooring • High resolution vertical structure of: • temperature • salinity • chlorophyll • dissolved oxygen • nutrients (bottles) • accessory pigments (bottles) • Influence of mesoscale dynamic variability through water column

21. STCZ Transect 1999

22. Monitoring Ocean Eddies • Started at request of State DLNR and fisheries biologists • Uses experimental GOES SST product as primary data set • Complementary data sources used when appropriate (surface winds, ocean color and altimetry). • Updates emailed to selected users, posted on web

23. Sample Eddy - ‘Ehu Kai

24. Importance of Eddies • Variations in marine environmental conditions affect • Distribution, abundance, and availability of fish populations • Influence the vulnerability and catchability of fish stocks • Transport of planktonic coral and reef fish larva

25. Eddy Tracking Area 166 W 164 W 162 W 160 W 158 W 156 W 154 W 24 N 22 N 20 N 18 N 0.1 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 15 15 - 25 Over 25 Bigeye CPUE

26. Bigeye Oceanographic Mooring • Temperature • 13 depths (25 - 700 m) • Velocity (shear) • 50,100,150,200, 350 m • Conductivity (salinity) • 50 and 350 m • Dissolved Oxygen (350 m) • Pressure (50 m) • Collaborators and Sensors Encouraged • biological (optical/acoustic) • telemetry

27. In Situ Sampling Oceanic Eddies

28. Marine Debris On Coral Reefs

29. Endangered HawaiianMonk Seal

30. Ocean Currents of the North Pacific

32. Convergence Time Series

33. Rank Port LANDINGS VALUE ($ million ex-vessel) 1 Pago Pago, Am.Samoa 232 2 Dutch Harbor, Unalaska 110 3 New Bedford 94 4 Agana, Guam 94 5 Kodiak 79 6 Empire-Venice, Louisiana 64 7 Key West, Florida 49 8 Honolulu, Hawai`I 45 9 Point Judith, Rhode Island 43 10 Brownsville Texas 42 Top 10 U.S. Fisheries Ports

34. Hawaii Commercial Fisheries Revenue

35. Future Applications Addressing the closure of a fishery: Hawai’i Longline

36. North Pacific Subtropical Convergence

37. Wind Stress Curl ERS2 January - March 1998

38. ERS2 Curl and AVHRR SST 18 C Isotherm

39. ERS2 Curl, AVHRR 18 C SST and SeaWiFS 0.2 Chl a

40. Curl, 18 C, 0.2 Chl aand Swordfish CPUE

41. Curl, SST, Chl a, Swordfish CPUE and Turtle Tracks

42. A Proposed Solution • Identify habitats using different sensors • Area of convergence • Wind Stress Curl (QuikSCAT and ADEOS-II) • Swordfish Habitat • 18 C Isotherm (GOES-? and AVHRR) • Marine Turtle Habitat • 0.2 Chlorophyll (SeaWiFS, MODIS AM/PM) • Model anticipated turtle-longline interactions • Adjust fishery restrictions accordingly

43. Data Fusion • Provide best description of system • Physical Dynamics • Ecological Response • Anthropogenic impacts • Advantage of GOES SST • Full coverage over short durations • Temporal sampling appropriate to resolve mesoscale features

44. Eddies Revisited:Effect on Thermocline

45. Biological Response

46. Fishing Effort • Examine relationships between CPUE and surface features • mesoscale eddies • physical/biological fronts • Examine relationships between surface features and vertical structure of: • temperature • velocity

47. Other Applications Northeast US • NE CoastWatch using GOES-8 SST to assist NE Aquarium in tracking Giant Bluefin Tuna and Northern Right Whales (Grayson Wood and Molly Lutcavage) • NMFS Narragansett using GOES-8 SST to enhance AVHRR SST by filling in cloud covered pixels (J. O’Reilly). • Primary data set for GIS-based study of turtle – longline interactions

48. Specific Issues Addressedusing GOES SST • Essential Fish Habitat ID for Pelagic Fish • Coral Reef Monitoring and Protection • Allocation of Research Assets to Maximize Scientific Returns • Data Fusion to Enhance End User Products • Protected Species Investigations • Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal • Threatened Marine Turtles

49. Desirements - General • Near-Real Time (< 11 hours) • Cloud-Cleared SST • Historical Data Sets • Spatial Coverage to include Western Pacific. • Ocean Color Capacity (e.g., SEI)