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Pageant 33-35 Review. Eleanor Roosevelt. Most influential first lady Champion of the dispossessed. Frances Perkins. First female cabinet member- Secretary of Labor. 1932 Campaign. Hoover- said recovery was just around the corner FDR- willing to try bold experimentation. 1932 Election.
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Eleanor Roosevelt • Most influential first lady • Champion of the dispossessed
Frances Perkins • First female cabinet member- Secretary of Labor
1932 Campaign • Hoover- said recovery was just around the corner • FDR- willing to try bold experimentation
1932 Election • FDR wins in a landslide • African Americans shifted from Republican to Democratic
Hoover- early 1933 • Wanted FDR to stick to anti-inflationary policies
Glass-Steagall Act • Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure bank deposits • FDR wanted to stimulate inflation with “managed currency”
Demagogues • Huey P. Long- promised to give all families $5,000 • Father Coughlin- anti-Semitic
National Recovery Act (NRA) • Required too much sacrifice on the part of industry, labor and the public
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) • Attempted to reduce farm production
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 • Reversed force assimilation • Established tribal self-government
Federal Securities Act and Securities Exchange Commission • Provide full disclosure of information • Prevent insider trading with the NY Stock Exchange
Tennessee Valley Authority • Tennessee Valley was a hundred years behind the rest of the US • Improved Navigation, flood control and power from high dams • Electrical Power- controversial aspect
Wagner Act of 1935 • Gave labor the right to bargain collectively
Supreme Court • After packing scandal, supported more New Deal Programs
Civilian Conservation Corps • Worked on natural projects • Men were required to send portion of earnings home
New Deal • Provided moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism
London Economic Conference • Boycotted by FDR- felt it stabilizing national currencies would hurt US recovery
Soviet Union • Recognized by FDR- viewed as a possible ally against Germany and Japan
Philippines • Became an economic liability for the US
Good Neighbor Policy • FDR viewed Latin America as allies to defend the western hemisphere against dictators
FDR’s Foreign-Trade Policy • Lowered tariffs to encourage trade
American Attitudes • 1930s- most Americans wanted to retreat further into isolationism • By mid-1930s- support for a constitutional amendment requiring a popular referendum to declare war
Neutrality Acts • Americans would not sail on ships of warring nations • US would not sell weapons to any warring nations • This style look familiar?
Spanish Civil War • US remained neutral • Spain became a fascist dictatorship
Jewish Refugees • Not fully accepted by America • US had a difficult time imagining the Holocaust could be happening
Fall of France • US responded by passing a conscription law • US gave GB destroyers in exchange for naval bases in the Western hemisphere • Basically ended US neutrality • US public opinion wanted to support GB, but stay out of fighting
FDR’s Third Term • Broke with precedence established by G. Washington • Completely constitutional at that point (22nd Amendment passed later) • Motivated by belief that US needed his leadership with impending international crisis
Lend-Lease Aid • Available to Soviets after German invasion
Pearl Harbor • Ended public reluctance to enter WW II
US Entry in WW II • Public wanted revenge – no idea what the war was about • Retooled industry for war production
Japanese Americans • Viewed as possible saboteurs • Relocated away from West coast
Synthetic Rubber • Government commissioned production to offset loss of access to prewar supply in SE Asia
Women’s Roles in WW II • Filled positions left by men heading to war • Lead to day-care centers by the government
African Americans • Rallied behind the double “V” • Moved north and west in large numbers • Fought in segregated units • Formed CORE
National Debt • Increased most during WW II
Bataan Death March • Occurred on the Philippines- 60 mile brutal march- over 20,000 died on the march and while imprisoned
1942- Japanese • Overextended themselves with territorial gains
Island Hopping • American strategy in the Pacific of gaining important islands to get closer for an invasion of Japan
Coral Sea • Prevented a Japanese invasion of Australia • The first naval battle where opposing ships never were in sight of each other
Guadalcanal • The first American offensive of the war in the Pacific
Midway • Japan lost 4 aircraft carriers and the ability to fight an offensive war
Stalingrad • Turning point in Europe • Furthest extent of Nazi offensive in Russia
North Africa • American troops fought mainly against Germans
Erwin Rommel • The leader of German troops in North Africa
Casablanca Conference • Churchill and FDR decide to attack Sicily
Unconditional Surrender • Wanted to avoid a negotiated peace or armistice • Eventually complicated problems of postwar reconstruction
Rationing • Americans cut back on goods needed for the war effort