1 / 29

Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension. The Use of Propaganda in Persuasion. What is propaganda?. Propaganda is EVERYWHERE!!! It’s on billboards, magazine ads, on TV, on the radio Americans are covered in propaganda DAILY Americans are often fooled by it because they do not see it. How did propaganda begin?.

myra-chaney
Download Presentation

Reading Comprehension

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Reading Comprehension The Use of Propaganda in Persuasion

  2. What is propaganda? • Propaganda is EVERYWHERE!!! • It’s on billboards, magazine ads, on TV, on the radio • Americans are covered in propaganda DAILY • Americans are often fooled by it because they do not see it

  3. How did propaganda begin? • Propaganda has a long history • After World War I, people began to study propaganda • Mass media had just developed • War ads had made huge claims • They discovered that there were 12 types or devices of propaganda that were used most often and most effectively

  4. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ON YOUR NOTES: • What do these posters have in common? • How do they convince the viewer? • Who do you think made these posters?

  5. Twelve Devices of Propaganda Name Calling Bandwagon Generalities Emotional Appeal Transfer Red Herring Testimonial Circular Argument Plain Folks Repetition Card Stacking Appeal to numbers, facts and statistics

  6. The Name Calling Device • Tries to make people form a judgment without examining the evidence on which it should be based • Tries to attach negative labels and symbols to people they want us to condemn • We see this in political speeches and groups- we see words like “terrorist” “extremist” “dictator” • They hope the audience will reject the person or the idea on the basis of the negative symbol, instead of looking at the available evidence. • Words such as: • Bum • Queer • Commie • Terrorist, Dictator, etc.

  7. The Glittering Generalities Device • The propagandist (person who created the propaganda) identifies his program with virtue by the use of ‘virtue words’, such as: • Truth • Freedom • honor • Meant to make us accept and approve of the propagandist’s position, group, etc. without an analysis of the facts (like the name-calling device) • Words are used to create emotion and confuse our thinking- tied to the connotative meaning of the words (feelings, emotion, negative or positive images)

  8. The Transfer Device • The person or company tries to tie their message or product to something else we respect or adhere to- church, patriotism, family morals • Meant to make us accept the product or message based on its connection to things we already admire or respect • Symbols are used heavily in this device- examples are crosses and flags- We have strong emotions about certain symbols and when a product or message is tied to them, we feel obligated to buy or believe

  9. The Testimonial Device • Used to make us buy simple things like vitamins or support the decision of a government- has a lot of a power whether it’s a little issue or product or a BIG one • Uses ‘experts”, celebrities, paid actors, and others that offer their “own story” of how the product or idea has changed their life, made them better, or was the right decision • Used both forwards and backwards- used to endorse products or ideas or put out opposition to other products, politicians, and ideas

  10. The Plain Folks Device • Used to win our confidence by appearing to be like us- tries to show similarities that we have with a product or idea • Used by politicians in EVERY election- kissing the babies, showing up in parades and at town hall meetings

  11. The Card Stacking Device • When someone or a product uses every type of deception they can- he or she “stacks the cards” against the truth • Used to cover up the truth, hide facts, fool people into joining or believing • Uses false advertising and a combination of deceptions to create a solid or believable image • Uses all types of other propaganda devices

  12. The Band Wagon Device • Used to make people want to follow the crowd, appeals to peer pressure and our need to belong, appeals to our emotions and fears of being left out • Used to try and convince large groups of people • Uses symbols, colors, music, movement, and dramatic effects

  13. Emotional Appeal • when the copy is designed to stimulate one's emotions, rather than one's sense of the practical or impractical. • appeals to your emotions making you think like you need or deserve it such as; you work hard, you're beautiful, you're smart, you deserve ... (You deserve a break today…)

  14. Red Herring • A red herring is a detail or remark inserted into a discussion, either intentionally or unintentionally, that sidetracks the discussion. The red herring is invariably irrelevant and is often emotionally charged. The participants in the discussion go after the red herring and forget what they were initially talking about; in fact, they may never get back to their original topic.

  15. Circular Argument • Circular argument: A sentence or argument that restates rather than proves. Thus, it goes in a circle: 'President Reagan was a great communicator because he had the knack of talking effectively to the people.' The terms in the beginning of the sentence (great communicator) and the end of the sentence (talking effectively) are interchangeable."

  16. Examples of Circular Argument 1. Mike was the best candidate for president, because he was totally better than any of the others.2. Parent: “It’s bed time, go to bed.”Child: “Why?”Parent: “Because I said so.”3. If such actions were not illegal, then they would not be prohibited by the law.

  17. Repetition • Repetition: - It is when the product name is repeated many times during an advertisement. This technique may use a jingle, which is appealing to the masses and fits in their minds. …

  18. Appeal to numbers, facts, statisticsWhen propaganda appeals to numbers, facts and statistics the above are being manipulated to the best advantage of the speaker. This techniques is used in a number of different types of propaganda. • The Statistics of Small Numbers, • An error caused by looking at too small of a sample • Appeal to AveragesThe speaker appeals to an average that is false or irrelevant. • Appeal to majority . • "No sponsors in our group tell the newcomers to quit taking their doctor-prescribed medications, so those stories must be untrue.“ • A Congressman or Senator might declare, "Okay, so I got caught taking 100 bribes. But there were 10,000 bribes that I did not accept. (The other Congressmen got them.) So I'm really 99% honest. Really. Honestly."

  19. Now…. • Begin reading Bradbury’s novel • Look for examples of propaganda in the characters and their society • We will review this lesson again on Wednesday

More Related