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Protein Synthesis Learning Outcomes – B7 and B8

Protein Synthesis Learning Outcomes – B7 and B8. Overview and Application. Try This!. 1) One strand of DNA has the following sequence: A T T C G A C G G What is the corresponding sequence of RNA?

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Protein Synthesis Learning Outcomes – B7 and B8

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  1. Protein SynthesisLearning Outcomes – B7 and B8 Overview and Application

  2. Try This! • 1) One strand of DNA has the following sequence: A T T C G A C G GWhat is the corresponding sequence of RNA? • 2) If this new RNA is transported out of the nucleus directly to a ribosome, which of the three types of RNA is it?

  3. Overview Learning Outcome B7 - 1 • Molecular Biology’s central dogma: replication, transcription, translation, assembly: Howard Hugh’s Medicalhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3fOXt4MrOM It is expected that students will: - identify the roles of DNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomes in the processes of transcription and translation including initiation, elongation and termination.

  4. Overview • What are the two stages of Protein Synthesis? 1) 2)

  5. Transcription Three steps:1) 2) 3)

  6. Transcription – 1) Unzip

  7. Transcription – 2) Complimentary • Free-floating ribo-nucleotides temporarily ___________ bond with their _____________ nucleotides on the DNA template • Only one of the DNA strands is used as the template. • Ex: DNA – A T C G RNA –

  8. Transcription - Termination • RNA polymerase reaches______________________ • RNA polymerase detaches from DNA, __________ single-stranded RNA strand • DNA rewinds into its double helix • mRNA is transported _________________

  9. Translation • mRNA goes to the ribosome and is used as a _______ to synthesize a protein molecule. • http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation/movie.htm

  10. Translation Three Steps: 1) 2) 3)

  11. Translation – 1) Initiation • need start codon_____ • The first tRNA, with anticodon UAC and amino acid ___________ temporarily binds to the first site

  12. Translation – 2) Elongation • The second tRNA molecule attaches to the second site of translation.

  13. Translation – 2) Elongation • The amino acid from the first tRNA is __________ to the amino acid on the second tRNA.

  14. Translation – 2) Elongation • The first tRNA exits, the ribosome moves, a ___ tRNA enters, and the process is ________.

  15. Translation – 2) Elongation • The process is repeated many times, and a ________, or strand of amino acids, is formed.

  16. Translation – 3) Termination • The _______ ______enters. • Translation, or protein synthesis, ends.

  17. Translation – 3) Termination • The completed polypeptide is ________.

  18. Translation - Application • What does this diagram represent?

  19. Application Learning Outcome B7 - 2 It is expected that students will: - determine the sequence of amino acids coded for by a specific DNA sequence, given a table of mRNA codons.

  20. Application – table of mRNA codons (p 511)

  21. Application • Consider the following DNA base sequence read from left to right: T A C G C A A A A T G G • Determine the amino acid sequence that results from this DNA strand.

  22. Application • DNA sequence: T A C G C A A A A T G G • mRNA sequence: • Animo acid sequence:

  23. Application PLO B7 – 3 It is expected that students will: Identify the complementary nature of the mRNA codon and tRNA anti-codon

  24. Application Which of the following is an anticodon of a molecule of tRNA carrying glycine? A. G G A B. C C U C. C C T D. C G C

  25. Application Learning Outcome B8 -2 It is expected that students will: - use examples to explain how mutations in DNA change the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain and as result may lead to to genetic disorders.

  26. Definitions • gene mutation:

  27. Definitions - Gene Mutation • What effect does changing the amino acids have on the protein product? • Changes the shape. Since _______ _________ ________, it alters how the protein will function.

  28. Definitions - Gene Mutation • Which has the potential for the most damage, frameshift mutations or point mutations?

  29. Application Learning Outcome B8 - 1 It is expected that students will: - give examples of two environmental mutagens that can cause mutations in humans.

  30. Animations: • http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/transcription/movie.htm • http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation/movie.htm • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3fOXt4MrOM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=CA&hl=en&v=NJxobgkPEAo • http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=6dMlde9akBk • A new film has been made – Lost in Translation • Part 1 =http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9dhO0iCLww • Part 2 = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCRo_oyQDi8&feature=related

  31. Definitions – Gene Mutations • frameshift mutations • One or more nucleotides is _________________from the DNA • Example: TAC GGT TAG, insert C into the 4th spot: • The original DNA coded for which amino acids? • DNA: TAC GGT TAG • mRNA: • amino acids: • The mutated DNA now codes for which amino acids? • DNA: • mRNA: • animo acids:

  32. Definitions – Gene Mutations • point mutations • a change in a ______ nucleotide within the sequence • Example: TAC GGT TAG, replace 2nd T with a C • The original DNA coded for which amino acids? • DNA: TAC GGT TAG • mRNA: • amino acids: • The mutated DNA now codes for which amino acids? • DNA: • mRNA: • animo acids:

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