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Peter Kjær Jensen Assistant Professor

Peter Kjær Jensen Assistant Professor. School Latrines -- do we know it all?. Why do the latrines look this way?. Benefits of latrine to 320 households in rural Benin (Average importance rating, scale 1-4) Avoid discomforts of the bush 3.98 Gain prestige from visitors 3.96

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Peter Kjær Jensen Assistant Professor

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  1. Peter Kjær Jensen Assistant Professor

  2. School Latrines -- do we know it all?

  3. Why do the latrines look this way?

  4. Benefits of latrine to 320 households in rural Benin (Average importance rating, scale 1-4) Avoid discomforts of the bush 3.98 Gain prestige from visitors 3.96 Avoid dangers at night 3.86 Avoid snakes 3.85 Reduce flies in compound 3.81 Avoid risk of smelling/seeing faeces in bush 3.78 Protect my faeces from enemies 3.71 Have more privacy to defecate 3.67 Keep my house/property clean 3.59 Feel safer 3.56 Save time 3.53 Make my house more comfortable 3.50 Reduce my household’s health care expenses 3.32 Leave a legacy for my children 3.16 Have more privacy for household affairs 3.00 Make my life more modern 2.97 Feel royal 2.75 Make it easier to defecate due to age/sickness 2.62 Be able to increase my tenants’ rent 1.17 For health (spontaneous mention) 1.27 Source: Jenkins MW (1999) PhD thesis, UC Davis, Civil Engineering

  5. Importance of making multidisiplinary research An Vietnames example

  6. Rationale behind the study 80 % of rural people have helminth infection in north Vietnam Approx 1 billion have Ascaris infection in Asia At risk: Children and farm workers Effect: School, productivity, and general health Possible cause: Use of unsafe human excreta in the agriculture (or that is what we think)

  7. Processes involved Composting Latrine composting/ hydration Application to the field Garden Composting cold/hot Transport Transport

  8. What have we done • Reviewed the sanitation legislation.- (a little late) • 512 household interviews inc. In IEC and non IEC communes. Conducted 12 focus group discussions and (many) key informant interviews. • Composted 1 ton of human excreta, with inserted helminths eggs, to measure the survival acc. Temp, pH, moisture, and NPK. • Followed 15 latrines in the filling process.

  9. Fertilizer use for the different crops

  10. Compost or not?

  11. Important parameters

  12. Findings Not composting– mean different from actual temp May be possible to have compost in 3-4 months if the pH is high If the guidelines should work they need to contain lime addition Nutrient loss ??– we need to sell the message,,, but take care of the smell

  13. One kg excreta approx = 1000 dong = 0,067 US$ • 100 kg per person per year • 30 million rural population • 3 million tons of excreta!! • ~ 200.000.000 US$ for Vietnam per year

  14. Think upstream before you measure!

  15. Water sources in the village

  16. Village water tank and open well

  17. Drawing water from tank and open well

  18. Household water pipes in water tank

  19. Water quality in 10 villages (Geometric mean number of E. coli / 100 ml, 3273 samples)

  20. Source associated to domestic WQ

  21. Under five children in 200 households, Hakra 6R

  22. The mantra of the lecture Ten buckets a day keep diarrhoea away

  23. Sanitation Management/Promotion

  24. Thank you Louis VIII

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