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Dianne E. Godar, PhD FDA employee for 20 years Speaking as a public citizen

The Real Cultprits behind the Increasing Incidence of Melanoma. Dianne E. Godar, PhD FDA employee for 20 years Speaking as a public citizen The scientific opinions presented herein are not necessarily the same as those of the FDA’s.

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Dianne E. Godar, PhD FDA employee for 20 years Speaking as a public citizen

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  1. The Real Cultprits behind the Increasing Incidence of Melanoma Dianne E. Godar, PhD FDA employee for 20 years Speaking as a public citizen The scientific opinions presented herein are not necessarily the same as those of the FDA’s.

  2. Why Do Skin Cancer Orgs.Believe Tanning Lamps are the culprits behind the Increasing Incidence of Melanoma?

  3. 2 Major Reasons • 6 out of 20 epidemiologic studiesshowed a positive association between “ever use” tanning lamps with melanoma. • Their melanoma data from the SEER data base ONLY dates back to ~1975 (right after release of first Tanning Lamps)

  4. Tanning Lamp and RR for Melanoma All Epidemiological studies in IARC report +1 • 6 Decreased Risk& 1 Neutral (0.73-1.00) Osterlind (Den; 0.73), Zanetti (Italy; 0.9), Holly (USA; 0.94), Bataille (UK etc; 0.90), Autier (Belg, Fran, Germ; 0.97), Naldi (Italy; 0.78), Kaskel (Germ; 1.00) • 7 Weak Correlation (1.1-1.3) Westerdahl (Swed; 1.3 & 1.2), Holman (Aus; 1.1), Chen (USA, 1.13), MacKie (UK; 1.25), Dunn-Lane (UK; 1.16), Bataille (UK; 1.19) • 6 Positive (1.5-2.94) Veierød (Norw/Swed;1.55), Swedlow (UK; 2.94), Adam (UK; 2.93), Walter (Canada; 1.54), Garbe (Germ; 1.5), Ting (USA; 1.64)

  5. After Tanning Lamps Released

  6. Incidence Melanoma 1940-2005 Tanning Lamps had NO Effect >30 yr before Tanning >30 yr after Tanning UVA&UVB UVB (2009) Godar DE, Landry RJ, Lucas AD. Med Hypotheses.;72(4):434-43.

  7. Bonnie & Clyde! Bonnie = Indoor work Clyde = GlassWindows Together they rob our Skin of Vitamin D3

  8. Glass Windows UVA & UVB

  9. Sun Glass UVB

  10. Vitamin D3 UVA (>320 nm) Breaks Down Vitamin D3 Relative Biologic Effect UVB Webb AR, DeCosta BR, Holick MF.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989;68(5):882-7. MacLaughlin JA, Anderson RR, Holick MF Science. 1982;216(4549):1001-3.

  11. Is the increasing incidence of melanoma dependent on excessive UV exposures as claimed by the American Cancer society? “The American Cancer Societyestimates that this year, 111,900 Americans will be stricken with melanoma,which is associated with excessive ultra-violet exposure.”

  12. Melanoma Paradox Outdoor workers ~SAME incidence Melanoma as Indoor workers [1-4] [1] .Beral V, Robinson N. (1981)The relationship of malignant melanoma, basal and squamous skin cancers toindoor and outdoor work.Br J Cancer. 44:886-91. [2] Elwood JM, Jopson J. (1997) Melanoma and sun exposure: an overview of published studies. Int J Cancer.73(2):198-203. Review. [3]Vagero D, Ringback G, Kiveranta H. (1986) BrJ Cancer 53:507-512. [4]Kennedy C, Bajdik CD, Willemze R, De Gruijl FR, Bouwes Bavinck JN. (2003) J Invest Dermatol 120: 1087-1093. Outdoor workers get 3-10 times UV dose as indoor workers.[5-7] *[5] Godar DE. UV Doses Worldwide. Photochem Photobiol 2005; 81:736-749. [6] Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Heydenreich J, Wulf HC. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:197-203. [7]Slaper H. 1987 Chapter 2, pp. 24-48, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Utrecht. WHY?

  13. Outdoor Workers Vitamin D3 in Living Skin Indoor Workers Sun Mon Tues Weds Thurs Fri Sat Summer -------------Work Year -----------Vacation

  14. [1] Godar DE.2001.UV Doses of American Children and Adolescents. Photochemistry Photobiology 74:787-793. [2] Pope SJ, Holick MF, Mackin S, Godar DE (2008)ASCF Photochem Photobiol. 8:1277-83. [3] Pope SJ, Godar DE (2010) Solar UV Geometric Conversion Factors: Horizontal plane to cylinder model. Photochem Photobiol. Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print]

  15. Melanoma cells make Calcitriol from Vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) Seifert M, Diesel B, Meese E, Tilgen W, Reichrath J. Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in malignant melanoma: implications for growth control via local synthesis of 1,25(OH)D and detection of multiple splice variants. Exp Dermatol 2005;14:153-154.

  16. Vitamin D3 > Calcitriol > Suicide In Vivo [1] Chida K, Hashiba H, Fukushima M, Suda T, Kuroki T.Inhibition of tumor promotion in mouse skin by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cancer Res 1985;45:5426-5430. [2]Eisman JA, Barkla DH, Tutton PJ.Suppression of in vivo growth of human cancer solid tumor xenografts by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Cancer Res1987;47:21-25. [3]Frampton RJ, Omond SA, Eisman JA.Inhibition of human cancer growth by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites. Cancer Res 1983;43:4443-4447. In Vitro [1] Danielsson C, Fehsel K, Polly P, Carlberg C.Differential apoptotic response of human melanoma cells to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues.Cell Death Different 1998;5:946-951. [2]Evans SR, Houghton AM, Schumaker L, Brenner RV, Buras RR, Davoodi F, Shabahang M.Vitamin D receptor and growth inhibition by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human malignant melanoma cell lines.J Surg Res 1996;61:127-133. [3] Colston K, Colston MJ, Feldman D.1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and malignant melanoma: the presence of receptors and inhibition of cell growth in culture.Endocrinol 1981;108: 1083-1086.

  17. Vitamin D3 “One way street” into Blood Vitamin D3 binding protein only takes vitamin D3 from skin into blood and returns to skin “unarmed” to pick up more vitamin D3 Thus, taking vitamin D3 orally does not put high enough concentrations into the skin where it is needed to kill melanoma cells

  18. Conclusions Tanning Lamps are Innocent! Indoor work & Glass Windows Both Guilty of Robbing our skin of Vitamin D3

  19. Melanoma patients survival improved with Sun exposuresBerwick M. et al., Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008;624:117-24.Solar UV exposure and mortality from skin tumors.Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is clearly associated with increased mortality from nonmelanoma skin cancer--usually squamous cell carcinoma. However, the association with cutaneous melanoma is unclear from the evidence in ecologic studies and the few analytic studies show that high levels of intermittent UV exposure prior to diagnosis are somehow associated with improved survival from melanoma. Understanding this conundrum is critical to present coherent public health messages and to improve the mortality rates from melanoma.

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