Other types of communicating science, besides scientific papers Malmfors et al chapter 4

1. Other types of communicating science, besides scientific papersMalmfors et al chapter 4 Same readers – different aim or form Other readers – still communicating research results Other readers – different aim or form

2. Review paper • Conference paper • Thesis and dissertation • Popular science article • Research proposal

3. Review paperdifferent structure than IMRAD • Introduction • Body • with sections with headings • maybe ending with general discussion • Include contrasting results • Conclusion • References

4. Popular science article • What may interest the reader? • Simplify • More of a review article • Not to detailed • Illustrations that explain • Is the terminology adapted to the reader? • How to write it? –L. Dupont: Writing keystones

5. Research proposals • Another aim • Being persuasive • Organisation • Background and objectives • Research plan • Expected achievments and applications • How to communicate the results • Appendices: budget, collaborations, CV, publication lists

6. PrewritingDraftingRevising*

7. Revision • Organize the ideas • Add and delete ideas • Arrange the idea in order • Add content and details • Are there any gaps? • To the reader… • What’s you’re style? • Tone appropriate for reader • Formal, casual, persuasive, frantic.. • Sentences, the phrases • Get rid of some sentences, avoid redundancy (typical problem/error)

8. Revising ideas • List your ideas • Combine overlapping to specific ideas • Split too general ideas • Make an outline of the ideas • Do this at least three times The text that covers your ideas becomes the content

9. Revising content- a big job • Prioritize content elements • Transitions between content • within paragraphs • between paragraphs • between sections • Content development/how much detail • Where to add • What to add • Why it have to be there • Think of your audience, what’s relevant

10. Revising content- a big job • Prioritize content elements • Within a paragraph or section Main ideas Thesis - claims Main ideas Specific support or Thesis - claims Specific support Transition Transition

11. Revising content- a big job Thesis - claims Main ideas Specific support Transition Thesis - claims or Main ideas Specific support Transition Thesis - claims Main ideas Specific support Transition

12. Revising content- a big job Transitions between content • within paragraphs • between paragraphs • between sections • Signal your transition to the reader • By a word or phrase • Check that your actually making transitions

13. Revising content- a big job • More on: Content development/how much detail • Develop your ideas • Do not repeat with new words, instead add something or be more specific • A way to be more specific: Choose examples • Discuss example, explain why it’s important and useful with this specific example

14. Types of content • Analysis: • how and whythings are important and what it means and implicate • Otherideas • Avoidplagiarism, usingotherideasincorrectly • Do check whenideas are others and check bothcorrectliterature and not plagiarizing • Check by marking and go back to reference for each mark • Commonknowledge, definedby audience

15. Revise for style • Your audience • Define it, by a heading and a list a few names of persons you know • Go back and test the different sections and sentences, always referring to the audience • Clarity: Is it coherent and cohesive (understandable and connected) • Organze phrases, get rid of some • check for independent clause, use : or ; (clause=sats sw) • Get rid of redundancy: repeating words, phrases, ideas

16. Revise for style • Clarity: Is it coherent and cohesive (understandable and connected) • Wordiness: • Prepositional phrase, don’t start with it • The voice of the man is .. • The man’s voice is… • Too many adjectives in the same sentence • Find more descriptive verb to get rid of adjectives • Or decide to leave some out, no relevance • Passive voice. Avoid whenever posssible • The plane was flown by three officers • Three officers flew the plane

17. Thesis statements example • Age structureeffects is not significantfor population growth • The variation of population age structuredo not affect the longrungrowth rate. • The expectedstochasticity in vital rates do not create variation in age structuresignificantenough to enforce the use of age structure in projections of population growth • Age structureeffectsmay cause large variation in population growthyet the expected variation dueto environmentalstochasticity is not /may not be/ significantenough for motivating age structure in population models