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Giving your Speech: Developing Confidence

Join Dr. Mohammed Ibahrine as he delivers a lecture on developing confidence in public speaking and overcoming communication apprehension. Based on Clella Jaffe's book, this lecture explores the fear of negative reactions and provides strategies for managing physiological responses. Learn how to develop speechmaking skills and utilize the canons of rhetoric to create and deliver effective speeches.

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Giving your Speech: Developing Confidence

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  1. AL AKHAWAYN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES Giving your Speech: Developing Confidence Lecture by Dr. Mohammed Ibahrine based on Clella Jaffe’s Public Speaking

  2. Communication apprehension (CA) Is the fear of negative reaction you might experience because you speak out • A specific type of CA is public speaking anxiety (PSA) • (PSA) has two dimensions: • 1. Process anxiety • 2. Performance anxiety

  3. 1. Process anxiety • 1. Process anxiety: • You are experiencing process anxiety when you feel unsure about the how-to of speechmaking, • when you lack confidence that you • Can choose a topic • Do research • Organize your ideas

  4. 2. Performance Anxiety: • 2. Performance Anxiety: • You are experiencing performance anxiety when you worry about actually presenting your ideas, when you think you fear you will forget your speech

  5. Develop Speechmaking Skills To an extent, you can decrease dread by • Studying speech principles • Observing others speak • Speaking yourself

  6. Canons of Rhetoric While studying the “How-to” of speech-making, educators of speech divided the entire process into five major categories: (five canons of rhetoric) • 1. Creating the speech • 2. Organizing speech materials • 3. Choosing effective language • 4. learning the major ideas • 5. Delivering the Speech

  7. Creating the speech:The Canon of Invention The principles of invention help you analyze your audience, select an appropriate topic and purpose, gather evidence and develop reasonable and logical arguments and explanations

  8. Creating the speech:The Canon of Invention • 1. Consider Your Audience • Think of your audience as a mini-culture • Consider your audience in terms of • Beliefs • Values • Attitudes • Look around and note factors that might influence your speaking choices • Notice obvious categories such as gender and age

  9. Creating the speech:The Canon of Invention • 2. Choose a Topic • Be sure you understand what is expected • Choose to reveal something unusual • Select a significant topic • Consider your listener’s sensibilities

  10. Creating the speech:The Canon of Invention • 3. Identify your Purpose • Identify your reasons for speaking • What do you expect from them • Is your purpose to inform • Is your purpose to persuade • Is your purpose to entertain

  11. Creating the speech:The Canon of Invention • 4. Gather Speech (Verbal/Visual)Materials • Definitions • Facts • Examples • Quotations • Primary material • (Interview, Learn its techniques) • Secondary material • (Encyclopedia, Handbooks, Books, magazines, newspapers and online resources)

  12. Organize Your Ideas:The Canon of Disposition or Arrangement • 1. Arrange the ideas (Koran) • Introduction: where you orient the audience to the subject • Body: where you explain and develop your major ideas • Conclusion: where you leave your listeners with a memorable conclusion

  13. Organize Your Ideas:The Canon of Disposition or Arrangement • 2. Connect your ideas • Use simple connectives such as: • First, next and finally • Have logical divisions • Connectives have a function; • They help your listeners keep their place in the speech by linking the various points to one another and to the speech as a whole

  14. Choose Suitable language:The Canon of Style • 1. Consider Your Style (use language effectively in both speaking and writing) • Choose appropriate vocabulary and grammar for both the occasion and the audience • Omit offending language that demeans people on the basis of their sex, race, or age (sexist, racist) • Either define technical terms or eliminate them • Choose more familiar language • Use formal language

  15. Learn and Present Your Speech:The Canon of Memory and Delivery • 1. Consider Your memory • Memorized delivery is highly risky • Stay away from manuscript delivery (read it to audience) • Avoid impromptu delivery (with little preparation) • Use extemporaneous delivery (you determine in advance the organizational outline and the major ideas)

  16. Learn and Present Your Speech:The Canon of Memory and Delivery • 1. Consider Your delivery • Make eye contact with your listeners • Have pleasant facial expressions • Avoid a monotone voice • Smile at appropriate times • Be conversational • Stay within the time limits

  17. AL AKHAWAYN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES Manage your Communication Apprehension Lecture by Dr. Mohammed Ibahrine based on Clella Jaffe’s Public Speaking

  18. Develop Strategies to Deal with Physiological Responses To manage your communication apprehension • Engage in some forms of physical exercise before the speech • Focus on relaxing your muscles • Breathe slowly and deeply

  19. Develop Strategies to Deal with Physiological Responses To manage your communication apprehension • Focus on the speech • Use visual aids • Deliver your introduction from notes rather than reading it or reciting it

  20. Develop Strategies to Deal with Psychological Anxiety To manage your communication apprehension • Control internal monologue by cognitive modification • Identify negative internal monologue • Replace it with positive internal monologue

  21. Develop Strategies to Deal with Psychological Anxiety To manage your communication apprehension • Think positively in three areas: • The message • The audience • The speaker

  22. Develop Strategies to Deal with Psychological Anxiety Think positively about the message • Select a topic that interests you • Is beneficial to your audience • Give yourself time for research and organization • Be sure of your pronunciation

  23. Develop Strategies to Deal with Psychological Anxiety Think positively about the audience • Think that the audience does not consist of expert • Focus of the purpose of your speech • Think of how your audience would feel if they had to give a speech in your native language

  24. Develop Strategies to Deal with Psychological Anxiety Think positively about yourself • Maintain a positive self-image by focusing on the things you do well • Remind yourself that your worth as a person is unrelated to your skill as a novice public speaker and that competence develops with experience

  25. Develop Strategies to Deal with Psychological Anxiety To manage your communication apprehension • Use visualization • Visualization is a form of positive self-talk or mental strategizing in which you see yourself successfully performing a complex task

  26. Develop Strategies to Deal with Psychological Anxiety To manage your communication apprehension • Rehearse • Find a place where you can deliver your speech loud • Find a private audience (friend, classmates, family) • Focus on communicating in a conversational manner • The more prepared you are, the better you will feel

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