MCB100 Introductory Microbiology August 27, 2018

1. MCB100 Introductory Microbiology August 27, 2018

2. MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Course Web Sites Main Site: http://www.life.illinois.edu/mcb/100 To see: Lecture Materials & Exam Information Username: your netID Password: your AD password Homework – On-Line Problem Sets (for points!) lon-capa.uiuc.edu You will need to use your password to do the on-line homework.

3. MCB100 Grading Scale Your grade will be determined by how many points you earn in the following areas: Exams 300 points are possible Homework 100 points are possible Lecture Participation 50 points are possible A+ to A- = 450 – 405 points or 100% to 90.0% B+ to B- = 404 – 360 points or 89.9% to 80.0% C+ to C- = 359 – 315 points or 79.9% to 70.0% D+ to D- = 314 – 270 points or 69.9% to 60.0% plus and minus brackets: top 1/3 gets X+, middle 1/3 gets X, lowest 1/3 gets X- ex: B+ = 404 – 390, B = 389 – 375, B- = 374 - 360

4. MCB100 Course Text Book (required) Microbiology – with diseases by taxonomy 5th custom Ed. for the University of Illinois By Robert Bauman ISBN: 1-323-47025-5 Mastering Microbiology (optional) Supplemental Materials for Microbiology by Robert Bauman, from Pearson Course ID# MMBCHAPMAN44852 (course id appears to not be case sensitive) Pearson Publishing Representative Scott Brodkin Email: Scott.Brodkin@pearson.com

5. MCB100 – Fall 2018: COMING EVENTS Discussion and Participation Questions in Lecture using i-Clickers or paper quizzes. LON-CAPA Homework set 1 due at 11 pm on September 14 Homework set 2 due at 11 pm on September 17 Homework set 3 due at 11 pm on September 24 Exam – 1 (covers chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6) Friday September 28, - regular class time

6. MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Fall 2018 Reading assignment: Microbiology By: Robert Bauman CHAPTER 1 I. The Scale of Microorganisms II. A Survey of Major Groups of Microorganisms III. The History of Microbiology

7. Microbiology: study of small living things micro-: (G) small bio-: (G) living -ology: (G) study of Microbiology includes the study of: - Bacteria - Archaea - Viruses - Protozoa - the lower Fungi (yeasts and molds) - Algae - plus some other groups of single celled creatures Biofilm on a Human Tooth From: mpkb.org

8. What is a microorganism?Why are they important to you? Microorganism = small, living creature How small are microorganisms? The traditional idea was that a creature was considered to be a microorganism if was too small to be seen with the naked eye. (generally less than 0.1 mm or 100mm) Is that all?

9. BUT… Some Bacteria have been discovered in recent years that are big enough to be visible as specks (300 – 600 mm). Also some marine algae form aggregates of cells that are meters long. Similarly, there are small invertebrate animals that are too small to see with the naked eye, but properly studied by zoologists. Epulopiscium fishelsoni, 600 mm long, is found in the intestines of surgeonfish. Also shown are several paramecia, large eukaryotic protozoa. Photo by: Esther R. Angert – Harvard University Harpacticoid copepod, adult size is about 900mm long. These two pictures are shown at approximately the same scale. Photo by: dtplankton.com

10. Contemporary Idea Size is no longer the critical trait that determines if an organism is a microorganism or not. The key distinction between organisms studied by microbiologists and those studied by botanists or zoologists is that: microorganisms do not form differentiated tissues. All living organisms are composed of cells. Most microorganisms are composed of just one cell and have simple life cycles.

11. A REQUIRED COURSE Why is the study of Microbiology important to you? (Choose the response that best fits your opinions.) A. Studying microorganisms can help us to learn about cellular processes in higher organisms. B. Some food and industrial products are made by using microbial fermentations. C. Microorganisms play critical roles in balancing Earth’s ecosystem, degrading dead organic material, and providing nitrogen and sulfur to plants. D. The rotting and poisoning of food before it can be consumed by people causes serious economic losses. E. Every year millions of people die get infectious diseases.

12. Why are microorganisms important to you? Dangerous Microbes: ~1/3 of human deaths are caused by infectious diseases, cases of non-fatal infectious illness and food poisoning cause lost productivity and financial losses Annoying Microbes: Rotting of food and infectious diseases of domesticated plants and animals causes financial losses Useful Microbes: wine, beer, cheese, tofu, vinegar, vitamins, food thickening agents & laundry enzymes are made by microorganisms Ecological Microbes: treatment of drinking water and waste water includes the use of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, global elemental cycles – nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, carbon and oxygen, depend on microorganisms for chemical transformations

13. The metric system for small scale measurements Millimeter mm 1 x 10-3 m Micron mm 1 x 10-6 m or 1 x 10-3 mm Nanometer nm 1 x 10-9 m or 1 x 10-6 mm or 1 x 10-3mm Angstrom 1 x 10-10 m or 1/10 nm The micron is a good sized unit for measuring cells. Typical bacteria like Streptococcus are 1 – 2 mm in diameter. Typical mammalian cells are 5 – 15 mm in diameter.

14. Unit Conversions in the Metric System 1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters (mm) 1millimeter (mm) = 1000 microns (mm) 1micron (mm) = 1000 nanometers (nm) 1 mm = 1 x 10-3 m Prefixes 1 mm = 1 x 10-6 m kilo- = 1000 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m deci- = 1/10 centi- = 1/100 .001 m = 1 mm milli- = 1/1000 .001 mm = 1 mm micro- = 1/1,000,000 .001 mm = 1 nm nano- = 1/1,000,000,000

15. A micron is a good unit of measurement for describing the size of a cell.

16. A nanometer is a good unit of measurement for describing the size of a molecule.

17. RELATIVE SIZES OF SMALL THINGS Which one of the following statements about the relative sizes of small things is FALSE? A. In most cases, a virus is smaller than a bacterial cell. B. A carbon atom is smaller than a sugar molecule. C. Mostly, white blood cells are smaller than bacteria. D. Amino acid molecules are smaller than proteins. E. A white blood cell is smaller than a parasitic worm.

19. SIZE MATTERS Toxin molecules are smaller than viruses. Viruses are much smaller than bacterial cells. Bacterial cells are generally smaller than white blood cells. White blood cells are smaller than parasitic worms. Why is this important? A. One can remove bacteria and fungal spores from a liquid by filtration through a membrane with a pore size of 0.2 microns. But viruses and toxins will pass through such a membrane. B. A phagocytic white blood cell can engulf and digest a bacterial cell but not a parasitic worm. C. A light microscope can be helpful for identifying bacteria, fungi or protozoa in a clinical sample, but viruses and toxins can’t be seen with a light microscope. D. All of the statements given above are true.

20. Note: a sphere that is 10 mm in diameter has 1000 times the volume of a sphere that is 1mm in diameter.

21. LITTLE THINGS SMALLEST - Atoms - Small Molecules (amino acids, nucleotides, sugars) - Biological Macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids) - Subcellular structures (viruses, ribosomes, microtubules) - Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Nanobacteria - Most Bacteria and Archaea - Yeasts and Flagellated Protozoa - Typical Plant and Animal Cells, Amoebae (amebas) - Ciliated Protozoa - Zooplankton (small multicellular animals) LARGEST