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Types of mixtures

Types of mixtures . Russ Ballard Kentlake Science Department. Suspension Activity. Take canister of sand. Place in 150 mL of tap water. Stir. Allow to settle. Meeting minder on observations. Suspensions - before. Suspensions – after. Solution Activity.

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Types of mixtures

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  1. Types of mixtures Russ Ballard Kentlake Science Department

  2. Suspension Activity • Take canister of sand. • Place in 150 mL of tap water. • Stir. • Allow to settle. • Meeting minder on observations. Kentlake Science Department

  3. Suspensions - before Kentlake Science Department

  4. Suspensions – after Kentlake Science Department

  5. Solution Activity • Add scoop of NaCL to 150 mL of tap water. • Observe immediate results. • Let stand and observe. • Filter. • Meeting minder on observations. Kentlake Science Department

  6. Solutions • What is the difference between mixture and solution? • How do you tell a heterogeneous from a homogeneous mixture? Kentlake Science Department

  7. Suspensions • Heterogeneous. • Particles settle out. • Can be separated by filtering. • May scatter light, but are not transparent. Kentlake Science Department

  8. Solutions • Homogeneous. • Do not separate on standing. • Cannot be separated by filtering. • Do not scatter light. Kentlake Science Department

  9. Colloid with Laser Kentlake Science Department

  10. Colloid Activity • Place 150 mL of tap water in beaker. • Add three drops of milk. • Direct laser/light box at water. • Switch on. • Meeting minder on observations. Kentlake Science Department

  11. Colloids • Heterogeneous. • Do not separate on standing. • Cannot be separated by filtration. • Scatters light (Tyndall effect). Kentlake Science Department

  12. Types of Solutions • Solid solutions. • Gaseous solutions. • Liquid solutions. • Aqueous solutions. Kentlake Science Department

  13. Solid Solutions • Combinations that are solid. • Alloys of metals. • Coins • Jewelry Kentlake Science Department

  14. Alloys Kentlake Science Department

  15. Gaseous Solutions • Air we breathe. • Pollutants • SO2 • NO2 Kentlake Science Department

  16. Liquid Solutions • Gas in liquids. • Oxygen in water. • CO2 in soda. • NH3 in water. Kentlake Science Department

  17. Gas in a Liquid Solution Kentlake Science Department

  18. Liquid Solutions • Liquid in a liquid. • Some will mix = miscible. • Alcohol and water • Some will not = immiscible. • Oil and water Kentlake Science Department

  19. Aqueous Solutions • Substances that dissolve in water. • Produce ions. • Produce molecules. Kentlake Science Department

  20. Solubility of NaCl Kentlake Science Department

  21. Polar and Non-Polar Substances.

  22. Polar Compounds • Molecule has a charge. • Based on atoms. • Based on geometry. Kentlake Science Department

  23. Non-polar Compounds • Molecule has no charge. • Based on atoms. • Based on geometry. Kentlake Science Department

  24. Using Electronegativity • 0.0 - .3 = non-polar covalent • 0.3 - 1.7 = polar covalent • 1.7 – higher = ionic Kentlake Science Department

  25. Kentlake Science Department

  26. Polar & Non-polar Compounds Kentlake Science Department

  27. Polar / Non-Polar Combinations • Must be the same. • Usually solid in water or liquid in liquid. • “like dissolves like”. Kentlake Science Department

  28. Solution Equilibrium

  29. Solubility Rate • Surface area • Stirring • Temperature • Pressure Kentlake Science Department

  30. Solubility Solubility is the amount of solute that will dissolve in a specific solvent under given conditions. Kentlake Science Department

  31. Predict Solubility • If non-polar only a non-polar solvent will work. • If polar or ionic only a polar solvent will work Kentlake Science Department

  32. Electrolytes

  33. Electrolytes • Dissolving ionic substances in water. • Ions conduct electricity. • Human body • Battery Kentlake Science Department

  34. Non-Electrolytes • Do not conduct electricity. • Molecules form them. • Sugar in water. Kentlake Science Department

  35. Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes. Kentlake Science Department

  36. Electrolyte model Kentlake Science Department

  37. Exothermic / Endothermic Solutions • A measure of bonds broken and formed. • Heat is given = exothermic. • Heat is needed = endothermic. Kentlake Science Department

  38. Exothermic and Endothermic Kentlake Science Department

  39. Photo Credits • http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/susp1.jpg • http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/miscible4.jpg • http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/sols1.gif • http://www.tg.rim.or.jp/~kanai/pic/col04.jpg • http://www.foundry-casting.co.uk/casting-foundry-pics/copper-base-alloys.jpg • http://www.jhu.edu/~matsci/people/faculty/erlebacher/what_is_materials_science.htm • http://adaptivestrategies.com/CARDIAC.jpg • http://i.timeinc.net/popsci/images/science/sci0302antifreeze_A.gif • http://www.washington.edu/cambots/archive/fog.gif • http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/phscale2.jpg • http://www.csmt.ewu.edu/csmt/chem/jcorkill/soap.gif • http://cator.hsc.edu/~kmd/caveman/projects/soap/water.jpg • http://www.chem.neu.edu/Courses/1105Tom/05Lecture11_files/image006.jpg • http://www.lhup.edu/~rkleinma/Chem220/CH1Notes/CH1f/dipole3.GIF • http://www.sciencekit.com/Images/ProductImages/149666.jpg • http://www.gcsevise.com/images/endo_exo.jpg Kentlake Science Department

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