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Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning. UCS= Unconditioned Stimulus UCR= Unconditioned Response CS= Conditioned Stimulus CR= Conditioned Response *’conditioned’ can be replaced with ‘learnt’. Operant Conditioning.

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Classical Conditioning

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  1. Classical Conditioning UCS= Unconditioned Stimulus UCR= Unconditioned Response CS= Conditioned Stimulus CR= Conditioned Response *’conditioned’ can be replaced with ‘learnt’

  2. Operant Conditioning Skinner carried out many experiments to show that animals such as rats and chicken could learn to make choices based upon positive and negative responses/reinforcers. Rats learnt to press levers and chickens learnt to peck keys to receive food rewards.

  3. Latent Learning Gaining knowledge ‘passively’ but delaying the demonstration of knowledge or performance of behaviour Requires motivation and an evident Reinforcement, most common example is maze learning or finding the way home. Thought to be the association of stimuli within a sequence

  4. Habituation A simple form of learning where an animal learns to make reduce and then stop making behavioural responses to a specific stimuli. This is a very functional behaviour for animals. When actively performing habituation it is usually carried out in a systematic desensitisation procedure and starts with the stimuli at a mild level with gradual progression. Classical conditioning can also be used.

  5. Insight A mental form of trial and error, being able to figure something out without trying, just looking. It is thought by most that only humans have insight, but it has been suggested that larger apes perform insight behaviour also.

  6. Biology of Learning When an animal makes an association between a stimulus and a consequence/behaviour neural connections are made in the brain. When the association is repeated the connection gets strengthened allowing for quicker behavioural responses or habituation.

  7. Learning Summary Animals and people learn mostly by making links or associations and can often make these associations through positive or negative consequences.

  8. Theory application in Horses An animal taken to the vet when experiencing pain can act fearfully of vets in the future. Pain (UCS) Fear (UCR) Pain (UCS)+ Vet Fear (UCR) Vet (CS) Fear (CR) Likewise a horse that is restricted in grazing by anelectric wire. Pain from shock (UCS) Fear (UCR) Pain (UCS)+ Wire Fear (UCR) Wire (CS)Fear (CR) Can be positive too... Food (UCS) Pleasant Feeling (UCR) Food (UCS)+ Bucket Pleasant Feeling(UCR) Bucket (CS) Anticipation of food (CR) • Classical Conditioning

  9. Theory application in Horses Operant Conditioning Negative Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement Horse wants to eat grass, delay freedom to reduce bad behaviour on lead. Horse being stubborn not walking, wants to stand (reward), delay stand to reduce stubborn ness. Positive Punishment Negative Punishment

  10. Theory application in Horses • Latent Learning

  11. Theory application in Horses • Habituation

  12. Theory Application in Horses • Social Learning

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