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INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES. EDU555 Curriculum & Instruction Encik Muhamad Furkan Mat Salleh. Instructional Objectives. To start teaching: teacher must be guided by instructional objective , followed by strategies and tools to accomplish the task, and then evaluate the outcomes.
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INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES EDU555 Curriculum & Instruction EncikMuhamadFurkan Mat Salleh
Instructional Objectives • To start teaching: teacher must be guided by instructional objective, followed by strategies and tools to accomplish the task, and then evaluate the outcomes
Instructional Objectives • Objectives: desired outcomes of learning • Purpose: • Defining the intents of an educational plan • Helping teachers to plan steps necessary to achieve plan • Helping students to know what is expected of them at the end of the program
Instructional Objectives • Helping teachers, administrators and society to assess the products of the system • Statement that described the teacher’s intent about how students should change
Mager format of instructional objectives • Robert Mager (1962) • Objectives must be OBSERVABLE and MEASURABLE • ‘Behavioral Objectives’
Mager format of instructional objectives • Suggested that objectives of learning need to be specific in term of: 1) Student behaviour • What the learner will be able to do when he has mastered the objectives • What learner will be doing or behavior the teacher will accept as evidence that the ‘objectives’ have been achieved • using verbs that denote observable action • “at the end of the lesson, the students should be able to identify….”
Mager format of instructional objectives 2) Testing situation • Under what conditions he will be able to do it • The condition under which the behaviour will be observed • ‘given the blank world map students should be able to locate the 5 active volcanoes’
Mager format of instructional objectives 3) Performance criteria • To what standard he will be able to do it • The standard of the performance level defined as acceptable • indicating correctness, speed, rate of response • ‘given the blank world map students should be able to locate the 5 active volcanoes’
Mager format of instructional objectives • use precise words – that are not open to many interpretations • Link the 3 parts together when writing the behavioral objectives • Start by stating students behaviours, condition and performance
Mager format of instructional objectives Examples : - state - list down - identify - compare - calculate - draw - name the… - colour the.. - measure - solve - match the..
Mager format of instructional objectives Criticisms: • Not practical difficult to write • Difficult to accomplish the kind of specificity • Becomes unmanageable for teachers to write because too many objectives and specificity
Instructional Objectives • Groundlund (1970) suggested there are 2 levels of objectives: • General objectives • Specific objectives
Instructional Objectives • General instructional objectives must be followed by a sample of specific behavioral outcomes • Teaching may be directed towards achievement of the general objectives • Specific objectives may form the basis for testing and assessment
Bloom’s Instructional Objectives • There are different types of behaviours can be specified in writing the instructional objectives
Bloom’s Instructional Objectives • Benjamin Bloom (1956) proposed the most helpful guides for the behaviour classification • He created a scheme that classifies instructional objectives in a systematic way • He divided the objectives into 3 domains: • Cognitive domain : knowing fact and information • Psychomotor domain: performing physical skills • Affective domain: exhibiting personal attitudes