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Canada & Peacekeeping

Canada & Peacekeeping. Peacekeeping – technique developed by the United Nations which does not have a simple definition

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Canada & Peacekeeping

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  1. Canada & Peacekeeping • Peacekeeping – technique developed by the United Nations which does not have a simple definition • 1992, UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali defined peacekeeping as:“…the deployment of a United Nations presence in the field, hitherto with the consent of all the arties concerned, normally involving United Nations military and/or police personnel and frequently civilians as well. Peacekeeping is a technique that expands the possibilities for both the prevention of conflict and the making of peace.” • At the end on the Cold War, peacekeeping took on a shift in regards to its role within the UN…

  2. The changing role of peacekeeping • In relation to the end of the Cold War, there was a dramatic shift in the role of UN Peacekeeping… • More Missions: Increased demand for UN Peacekeeping missions. 35 peace missions have been initiated since 1990. As of 2004 14 of these missions are still active. Mid-1990s, 80,000 peacekeepers deployed around the world. • Peacekeeping Within States: rather than maintaining peace “between” states, peacekeepers were now charge with creating the peace “within” states. Often to be found in situations of civil war. • More Actors: more organizations are involved in peacekeeping than just the UN. NATO, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Organization for African Unity are also involved • Peacemaking: Evolved from standing in between two fighting states, now a matter of creating peace where none exists

  3. The changing role of peacekeeping II • The Changing Role of Peacekeeping: traditionally used in patrolling contested borders, and unarmed monitoring of ceasefires, modern peacekeeping has evolved to include: • Train and restructure local police forces (Iraq & Afghanistan) • De-mining (landmines) • Conducting elections (ensure democracy is followed) • Facilitating the return of refugees • Monitoring human rights • Demobilizing and reintegrating former soldiers • Promote sustainable democracy and economic development • See examples of Cambodia, Somalia, etc. P161 in text…

  4. The changing role of peacekeeping III • More Diverse Skills: with this shift in roles, UN peacekeepers require a more diverse set of skills • Military personnel work alongside police and other experts to develop security in conflict-affected societies (regional and municipal admin., judges, media, health, tax, and social policy advisors, etc.) • Humanitarian Interventions:Definition: Armed intervention with the intention of protecting human rights within the confines of another sovereign state (i.e. Iraq). • There is much debate over this, in that is it legal to intervene without the consent in the affairs of a sovereign state? • On one side, it is important to protect the human rights of citizens around the world, but it is also important to protect the sovereignty of states • i.e. Iraq & Afghanistan

  5. Canadian troops overseas • An introduction… • Since 1950, over 100,000 Canadians have served as peacekeepers under the auspices (guidance) of the United Nations • Examples of CAN’s peacekeeping missions include: • Cyprus, the Middle East, Haiti, Bosnia, Cambodia, El Salvador, and Angola • As of 2004, CAN’s peacekeepers were serving in 14 UN operations in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and the Middle East • As of this book being published (2006), 107 Canadian had lost their lives in peacekeeping missions…

  6. Canadian Troops overseas II Using your text, along with the handout provided, fill in the required information for all of the conflicts mentioned, here is an example of what you need… As was the case in previous times like this, we will discuss next class…

  7. Landmines • Anti-personnel land mines are a nasty reminder and often forgotten remnant of conflicts gone by the wayside… • These are a major problem faced by people in war-torn countries. • Coming in many shapes and sizes, these devices are often left in the ground and are not triggered until someone steps on them; they remain as a treacherous legacy for the local populations • Estimated that there are over 110 million anti-personnel land mines in over 64 countries around the world; internationally 500 people die each week because of landmines, thousands being maimed as well • The facts: • $5.00 to buy - $300 to $1,000 to remove • Under current removal circumstances, it will take 1,000 years to remove • For every mine cleared, 20 more or laid • Only way to get 100% clearance = manual removal • 1997 CAN & 120 countries signed Anti[personnel Land Mines Treaty

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