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Ancient Art. 2,000 B.C. Mesopotamia, The New World, and Egyptian. The Architects. The first urban planners. Mastered irrigation and flood control. The land between the rivers/ Euphrates and Tigris. The birth place of formal religion, writing, math, law ,and to a large extent, architecture.
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Ancient Art 2,000 B.C. Mesopotamia, The New World, and Egyptian
The Architects The first urban planners Mastered irrigation and flood control The land between the rivers/ Euphrates and Tigris The birth place of formal religion, writing, math, law ,and to a large extent, architecture. Bruegel the Elder,"Tower of Babel,"1563
Sumerians Melting pot, mixture of traditions and religions. Man made mountains/ ziggurats (tower of Babel) The wheel Written language/ cuneiform First legal codes Ur the home of Abraham
man made mountains Ziggurats( stair to heaven)/ to build on a raised area. The gods were believed to live in a temple on the top. Only the chief priests were allow in the temple to care for the god’s needs. Ziggurats were built of sun baked bricks and had a pyramidal shape
Babylonia • Every organized religion has traces to Babylon • Nimrod built a city and established a common religion /descendent of Ham • Tower of Babel • Hammurapi gathered laws into a unified code map Akkadian The gate of God God
Hammurapi • king of Babylon • Code of Hammurapi set up a social order based on the rights of the individual • Eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth • The strong shall not injure the weak
Monotheism The stone slab on which the code was carved was discovered in Susa, Iran in l901. A relief carved above the code shows Hammurapi before Shamash, the sun god, being commanded to establish just laws. He abolished the worship of other gods.
Persians Cyrus the Great He was the first who wanted to conquer the world
Olmec believed to be the progenitors of the Mesoamerican peoples • Writing • Invention of zero ( meant completeness) • Blood letting and perhaps human sacrifice • Hierarchical city-state unions • Mesoamerican calendar • Mesoamerican ball game played with rubber balls. The object was to get the ball in a stone basket using knees, elbows, hips, or heads. It was so difficult to achieve the goal that the game was over when a goal was made. Olmec means the rubber people
System of writing • Genius for mathematics/astronomy • Refined form of architecture • Located/ Mexico and Central America
. Inca The lost Inca city Of Machu Picchu, high in the mountains of Peru Of all the urbanized people of the Americas, the Incas were the most brilliant engineers. The Huari-Tiahuanaco performed amazing feats of fitting gigantic stones together, and the Nazca designed mind-numbingly huge earth-drawings that still exist today. But the Inca built massive forts with stone slabs so perfectly cut that they didn't require mortar—and they're still standing today in near-perfect condition. They built roads through the mountains from Ecuador to Chile with tunnels and bridges. They also built aqueducts to their cities as the Romans had. And of all ancient peoples, they were the most advanced in medicine and surgery.
Pre-columbian Art of the Americas Pre-Columbian means before Colmbus
Native American Art • Much native American art was inspired by visions. The shaman (priest-healer) would reproduce objects the gods communicated to him during a trance. Among the results of drawing on such subconscious impulses were extremely distorted Eskimo masks, among the most original art ever seen.
Eskimo walrus ivory Shaman’s mask with the sun, moon and dog spirits. fish hook
Native Americans believed in unity with nature. Tribes constructed mounds, some 100 feet high, from Florida to Wisconsin. Some imitated the shape of a tribe’s totem animal, such as an enormous , bird with spreading wings. Others were simply shaped like domes, but in each case, the builders hauled millions of tons of earth in baskets then tapped it down. The volume of the largest one near St. Louis is greater than that of the great Pyramid. In some cases, inner burial chambers, contained treasures, like the body of an aristocrat clothed entirely in pearls. Mound builders/ the first environmentalists? • Mound builders partly inspired Earthworks, movement that emerged in the late 1960’s, to make the land itself a work of art. Robert Smithson’s “Spiral Jetty” (now underwater in Great Sale Lake, Utah) is one of the better known examples of the movement.
Navaho • Southwest tribe • Geometric design rugs colored with herbal and mineral dyes/ carmine red • Shamans created sand paintings for healing, fertility, hunting Sand painters still use natural pigments, like powdered rock,corn pollen, and charcoal, to produce temporary works on a flat bed of sand.
Hopi Kiva • Carved and painted Kachina dolls out of cottonwood roots to represent gods and teach religion. • Decorated underground kivas in Arizona with elaborate mural paintings of agricultural deities. Navaho probably derived sandpainting from the Hopi
Kwakiutl • Northwest tribe • Totem poles • Masks • Decorated houses • canoes
