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DECKWATCH KEEPING 121 Collision Regulation.
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DECKWATCH KEEPING 121 Collision Regulation Bridge watchkeeping is the single most important activity on board a ship at sea. Statistics show that many shipping casualties are the result of avoidable human errors - often bridge watchkeeping errors. The competence and vigilance of the watchkeeping officer, combined with proper bridge watchkeeping procedures, are the best means of avoiding hazardous situations. Bridge watchkeeping requires good training, a high standard of skills and good time management. Watchkeepers must divide their time between a number of activities, which include navigation, maintaining a radar watch and a look-out. The detail activities of a watchkeeping officer and a look out further explain in this subject during a watch at sea.It emphasizes that the watchkeeping officers must always maintain an all around look-out involving visual, radar, sound and VHF. They must know the ship's position and how this relates to both fixed hazards and other ships in the vicinity. Among the many demands on the time of watchkeeping officers, the safety of the ship comes before all else.
INTRODUCTION Welcome to this study guide on DECKWATCH 121 (Collision Regulations for Deck officers 1972). Enhance standard application of International Regulation For Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGS 1972) and Bridge Watch keeping. Upon completion of this subject, the students will have a thorough knowledge and skill of the international rules for preventing collision at sea (colregs 1972) that they may able to apply these when they will be in charge of a navigational watch and will be capable in keeping an adequate and efficient watch both at sea and at port. It also helps students, trainees and junior officers improve their Knowledge in bridge watch keeping performance. The rule of the road in navigation are often similar to the rules on land. The Collision Regulations contains many rules pertaining to navigation. I hope all those who following this study guide will become well organized, confident and efficient cadets, officers and watch keepers.
PREFACE The International Rules were formalized in the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea 1972, and became effective on July 15, 1977. The Rules (commonly called 72 COLREGS) are part of the Convention, and vessels flying the flags of states ratifying the treaty are bound to the rules. The 1972 COLREGS were developed by the Inter Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) which in May 1982 was renamed the International Maritime Organization (IMO). IMOs Assembly adopted 55 amendments to the 1972 COLREGS, which became effective on June 1, 1983. The IMO also adopted 9 more amendments, which became effective on November 19, 1989. IMO regularly enacts regulations (such as the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) which are broadly enforced by national and local Maritime authorities in member countries. The IMO has also enacted a Port State Control authority, allowing domestic maritime authorities such as Coast Guards to inspect foreign flag ships calling at ports of the many port states. Memoranda of Understanding (protocols) were signed by some Countries unifying Port State Control procedures among the signatories.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the student should be able; state orally the title of each rule of the international regulations for preventing collision at sea 1972 and apply to all vessels upon high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels mentioned in this study guide. have a thorough knowledge on the content of each rule in the International Regulation for Preventing collision at Sea 1972. comprehend the different terminology, outline the provisions of different rules, and identify the light and shape displayed by different vessel and be able to discuss the sound signals as required by International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea. discuss and illustrate the content in annex I, II, III and IV on completion of this study guide students will be able to apply them in charge of the navigational watch and they will be capable at keeping an adequate and efficient watch, both at port and at sea taking into account the content of regulation VIII/2 of the STCW ‘95 (Standard of Training Certification and Watchkeeping) convention.
RULE 1 APPLICATION these rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadstead’s, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such rules shall conform as closely as possible to these rules. nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the government of any states with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceedings under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistles shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these rules. traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the organization of any of these rule
traffic lane & direction of traffic flow traffic lane & direction of traffic flow traffic lane & direction of traffic flow traffic zone traffic zone traffic line traffic line
. whenever the government concerned shall fully with the provisions of any of these rules with respect to the number, position, rangeor arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound signaling appliances, without interfering with the special function of the vessel, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound signaling appliances, as her government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these rules in respect to that vessel.
Day shape and locations where they can be best seen Balls Cylindrical Cones • anchored • n.u.c. • mine clearing • aground • fishing vessel • with 150 gear • saling vessel • power driven • tug and tow • with 200 meters towing • fishing vessel • trawling • vessel constrained by draft • restricted ability to maneuver • r.a.m. • obstruction side • safe side
short blast long blast ship’s bell ship’s gong ship’s whistle
RULE 2 RESPONSIBILITY nothing in this rules shall exonerate any vessel or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these rules or of the neglect of any precautions which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstance of the case in construing and complying with these rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
RULE 3 GENERAL DEFINITIONS the word “vessel” includes every description of water craft, including non displacement craft, WIG craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as means of transportation on water. bulk container cruise or passenger fishing dredging W.I.G.
sailing rowboat pump boat fast craft or air cushion tugboats cable lying
The term “power driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by machinery (c) The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided the propelling machinery if fitted is not being used The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restricts maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict maneuverability The term “seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to maneuver on the water (f) The term “ vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstances is unable to maneuver as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel The term “restricted in her ability to maneuver” means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out the way of another vessel
The term “vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver” shall include but not be limited to: (i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline; (ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations; (iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway; (iv) a vessel engaged in launching or recovery of aircraft; (v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations; (vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course; The term “vessel constrained by her draught” means a power driven vessel which because of her draught in relation to the available depth of water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following The word “underway” means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground The words “length” and “breadth” of a vessel means her length overall and greatest breadth
maintaining navigation aid vessels restricted ability to maneuver
cable lying vessel restricted ability to maneuver
dredging vessel restricted ability to maneuver
stern forward side side
Vessel shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other The term “restricted visibility” means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes (m) The term “wing in ground (WIG) means a multimodal craft which, in its main operational mode, flies in close proximity to the surface by utilizing surface effect action
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