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Acadia

Acadia. The Great Deportation. Acadia, where you at?. Right over Here!. :). Background Info. The Mi’kmaq were the traditional people of Acadia and called their home territory Mi’kma’ki . In the 1600s, French settlers started farming and living in Acadia.

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Acadia

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  1. Acadia The Great Deportation

  2. Acadia, where you at? Right over Here! :)

  3. Background Info • The Mi’kmaq were the traditional people of Acadia and called their home territory Mi’kma’ki. • In the 1600s, French settlers started farming and living in Acadia. • The British and French fought over it and control of Acadia went back and forth several times. • By 1713, Acadia was a British colony. They won it in a war against the French. • Britain changed Acadia’s name to Nova Scotia.

  4. Acadia in the early 1700s • The Acadians had been farming and living in Acadia since 1604. • The French and the Mi’kmaq never fought. • Some Mi’kmaq and Acadians had even married. • The Acadians created their own way of life based on fishing and their unique way of farming.

  5. Louisbourg • In 1720, France built a fortress called Louisbourg on what is now Cape Breton Island.

  6. Oh no you didn’t! • Britain responded by building its own military base in 1749: Halifax.

  7. The Acadians are Expelled • By 1750, 10 000 Acadians lived on the shores of the Bay of Fundy. • Britain wanted to populate Acadia with English-speaking people. • The Governor of Nova Scotia, Charles Lawrence worried that the Acadians might take sides with the French in any future conflicts. • The Acadians had always refused to swear loyalty to the British Crown.

  8. The Great Deportation • Charles Lawrence gave the Acadians an ultimatum: Swear your loyalty or lose your land! • The Acadians wished to remain neutral and they refused. This lead to le Grand Derangement – the Great Upheaval.

  9. Canada: A People’s History • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JCGmyC7sC8 Episode 3-35:48

  10. The Seven Years’ War 1756-1763

  11. The Seven Years’ War • Territories Disputed: Europe, North America, Central America, the West African coast, India, and the Philippines. • Superpowers involved: Britain, France, Spain, Prussia (Germany-ish), Austria. Other countries were involved too.

  12. How the action start? • Louisbourg was captured by Britain in Summer, 1758. The fortress was surrounded and its supplies was cut off. • In Spring 1759, General James Wolfe led a fleet up the St. Lawrence to Quebec. The battle lasted for three months. • The French commander was the Marquis du Montcalm. His plan was to hold off until winter so Wolfe would have to retreat.

  13. The Taking of Quebec June 28, 1759

  14. General James Wolfe • Wolfe was attacking a well-defended French fortress. • Quebec could not be surrounded like Louisbourg to cut off its supplies. • Wolfe needed to draw out the enemy so they could fight!

  15. Louis-Joseph de Montcalm • Montcalm was on the defense. • He thought he was safe in his stone fortress.

  16. The Siege of Quebec • The French and British fought for nine weeks. • Quebec was in ruins. • It was almost wintertime…

  17. The Battle for the Plains of Abraham

  18. Wolfe’s plan: The British Soldiers would secretly go to a farmer’s field behind the fortress called The Plains of Abraham and attack the French while they were weak. • Around midnight on September 12, 1759, the British snuck up a steep hill to the field. • When the French woke up, they were surprised to see thousands of British soldiers.

  19. Aftermath • Quebec was left in ruins. • The remaining French soldiers fell back to Montreal. • The French surrendered on September 8, 1760. • The Canadiens had created farms, roads, fur trading networks, churches and much more. They had laid the foundations for Canada.

  20. First Nations and the war • First Nations fought in the wars with the British and the French. They even kept fighting the British after the French surrendered.

  21. Pontiac • Pontiac was an Odawa First Nation who convinced other First Nations to fight a war against the British for the Ohio Valley (west of the 13 colonies).

  22. Seiges of Fort DetroitMay 7 and 9, 1763

  23. “Englishmen, although you have conquered the French, you have not conquered us! We are not you r slaves. These lakes, these woods, and mountains were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance; and we will part with them to none.” -Pontiac used the words of Mineweh, an Anishinabe leader, to motivate First Nations to fight.

  24. Pontiac’s Mission • He lay siege to Fort Detroit, first with 300 then 900 First Nations. He was unsuccessful but inspired other First Nations to fight against the British.

  25. The Treaty of Paris • Montreal was surrendered in 1760, ending the fighting over New France. • In 1763, Britain and France signed a treaty in Paris. France gave up its claims in North America. • France got to keep Guadeloupe (in the Caribbean) and St. Pierre and Miquelon (near Newfoundland).

  26. The Royal Proclamation of 1763Britain’s new rules for its colony from King George III. • New France became the province of Quebec. • Quebec was much smaller. • The interior was set aside for First Nations. • British Laws and courts replaced French systems. • The government would be an appointed governor and a council of advisors. • The Catholic Church could no longer tithe and Catholics could not have senior jobs in government.

  27. The Quebec Act of 1774For when your Royal Proclamations don’t work. • The Canadiens couldn’t be “made” British just because the King said they were. They couldn’t be assimilated. • The people in the Thirteen colonies were getting restless and Britain didn’t want a rebellion in Quebec too. • Thus, Quebec Act of 1774!

  28. Terms of The Quebec Act • Quebec became bigger in size. • Much of the land given to First Nations was now part of Quebec. • French language rights were recognized (the beginnings of bilingualism). • The seigneurial system stayed in place. • Catholics were given freedom of religion and could have government jobs. • French civil law would be used. • The Roman Catholic Church could tithe again and hold property.

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