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MDL Lightning-Based Products

MDL Lightning-Based Products. Kathryn Hughes NOAA/NWS/OST December 3, 2003 E-mail: Kathryn.Hughes@noaa.gov. MDL Lightning Data Sources. Pre-1994 NLDN SUNY-Albany BLM – Alaska coverage NLDN archive data provided by the Global Hydrology Resource Center / NASA 1994 – present

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MDL Lightning-Based Products

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  1. MDL Lightning-Based Products Kathryn Hughes NOAA/NWS/OST December 3, 2003 E-mail: Kathryn.Hughes@noaa.gov

  2. MDL Lightning Data Sources • Pre-1994 NLDN • SUNY-Albany • BLM – Alaska coverage • NLDN archive data provided by the Global Hydrology Resource Center / NASA 1994 – present • SFUS41 bulletins containing encrypted NLDN reports sent from NWS Gateway and collected at NCEP supercomputers near real-time

  3. Meteorological Development LabThunderstorm and Severe Thunderstorm Products • MOS • Short and extended-range forecast guidance out to 192 hours in advance • LAMP • Very short-range forecast guidance out to 15 hours in advance • SCAN • Nowcasting 0-3 h forecast guidance

  4. Use of Lightning Data • Define a thunderstorm event • As a predictand (the event we want to forecast) in statistical development • As a predictor to help forecast a thunderstorm event • Develop lightning climatology • Quality control radar reflectivity data and severe local storm reports • Verify thunderstorm forecasts

  5. Creating the Gridded Lightning Datasets from ObservationsStrikes are summed over the appropriate time period and assigned to the center of the grid boxes = thunderstorm = no thunderstorm

  6. The MOS TechniqueThe Essentials • A statistical technique • Relates weather observations to predictors • Numerical weather prediction (NWP) model • Previous observations • Geoclimatic variables • Multiple linear regression • Relationships forecast future weather

  7. MOSCloud-to-Ground Lightning Climatology • 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-h Monthly Lightning Relative Frequencies • 20-, 40-, 48-km grid resolution • 5-km coming soon

  8. KDCA MRF MOS GUIDANCE 12/02/2003 0000 UTC FHR 24| 36 48| 60 72| 84 96|108 120|132 144|156 168|180 192 TUE 02| WED 03| THU 04| FRI 05| SAT 06| SUN 07| MON 08| TUE 09 CLIMO X/N 43| 26 40| 29 37| 33 39| 33 34| 25 42| 31 48| 34 47 34 50 TMP 36| 27 35| 31 35| 35 35| 34 31| 26 37| 33 42| 36 41 DPT 14| 11 16| 22 31| 32 31| 27 23| 18 21| 25 27| 28 29 CLD CL| CL PC| OV OV| OV OV| OV OV| CL CL| OV CL| OV CL WND 21| 15 12| 7 8| 11 14| 17 18| 14 13| 11 10| 8 11 P12 0| 0 0| 12 49| 76 51| 58 33| 25 10| 13 13| 20 18 19 20 P24 | 1| 72| 82| 58| 27| 21| 26 29 Q12 0| 0 0| 0 1| 3 2| 3 0| 0 0| 0 | Q24 | 0| 2| 3| 4| 0| | T12 1| 0 0| 0 0| 5 7| 6 3| 1 0| 0 1| 0 1 T24 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 1 PZP 4| 6 15| 29 34| 39 18| 14 15| 12 11| 19 11| 16 2 PSN 82| 94 70| 60 27| 5 3| 27 49| 62 34| 34 37| 17 0 PRS 15| 0 15| 11 21| 7 13| 12 4| 3 1| 1 0| 4 2 TYP S| S S| Z Z| Z R| RS S| S S| S S| R R MOS Thunderstorm Text ProductsExtended-Range GFS

  9. MOS Thunderstorm Text Products KDCA AVN MOS GUIDANCE 7/08/2003 0000 UTC DT /JULY 8 /JULY 9 /JULY 10 / HR 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 18 00 X/N 95 76 90 72 86 TMP 77 75 78 87 92 92 87 82 79 77 79 85 87 86 81 77 75 73 75 83 80 DPT 72 71 72 74 74 74 74 75 75 73 74 73 73 73 72 72 71 70 70 72 73 CLD BK SC BK BK BK SC BK BK BK BK OV OV OV OV OV OV OV OV OV OV OV WDR 25 25 25 27 25 23 24 25 27 28 26 25 25 26 27 28 34 36 01 17 19 WSP 07 05 06 08 09 10 10 08 07 05 04 05 07 07 07 05 05 04 04 06 09 P06 1 4 10 8 12 22 49 35 17 15 37 P12 13 12 54 42 44 Q06 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 2 Q12 0 0 3 1 2 T06 3/ 0 9/ 0 48/26 32/11 13/ 1 12/ 1 35/26 26/ 8 7/ 0 34/23 T12 11/ 0 56/26 34/ 1 55/26 25/ 0 CIG 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 5 4 5 5 VIS 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 OBV N N N N N N N N N N HZ HZ HZ N HZ HZ BR BR BR HZ BR Short-Range Products GFS and Eta-based messages

  10. MOS Thunderstorm Graphical Products24-h forecast ending 1200 UTC 4 Dec 2003 • Web-based graphics • 40-km GRIB files available • 6-, 12-, 24-h forecast periods • Operational from Eta and GFS model output

  11. Lightning observations are used to create conditional severe weather predictands Given the occurrence of lightning, this is the probability of a severe thunderstorm event (wind, hail, tornado)

  12. Forecast VerificationEta-based 3-h MOS forecasts on 20-km grid26 Aug 2002 21-24h

  13. LAMPLocalized Aviation MOS ProgramA very short-range forecast program • NLDN data defines a LAMP thunderstorm • 1 or more strikes in the appropriate grid box, during a 1- or 2-hr time period, out to 15 hours in advance. • Cloud-to-ground lightning strikes may be used as potential predictors by the linear regression program • Monthly relative frequencies will be used as potential predictors • Lightning strike reports are used to quality control radar reflectivity data

  14. Warm Season Relative Frequency (%) of Lightning events 24 15-min time periods : 10-km grid resolution

  15. SCAN System for Convection Analysis and Nowcasting • Operational 0-3 hour convective Weather Forecasts • Hourly output for the conterminous United States • Probability of 2 or more lightning strikes within a 40-km square region • NLDN lightning strike observations are used as predictors

  16. Probability of 2 or more CG lightning strikes during a 0-3 h forecast period 2100-0000 UTC 2-3 May 1997

  17. Future Work • Alaska MOS thunderstorm guidance • Support for the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) at 5-km resolution • Investigate oceanic data for future guidance in Hawaii and the Caribbean • Investigate use of a total lightning observation, in addition to the ground-based cloud-to-ground lightning observation http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/synop

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