Turmoil Over Taxation

1. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation Learning Objectives: We will learn about the problems the colonists had with Native Americans as they moved to the frontier. We will learn how the Proclamation of 1763 tried to stop colonists from moving farther west. We will learn how the King of England tried to pay for the British soldiers sent to the colonies. We will learn how colonists reacted to all of the new taxes imposed by the King of England. We will learn about what happened in the Boston Massacre.

2. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationNew Troubles on the Frontier British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace Pontiac’s War breaks out The Native Americans give up and return home King George makes the Proclamation of 1763 10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law

3. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationNew Troubles on the Frontier Why did the colonists want to settle in the Ohio River Valley? The Ohio River Valley

4. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationNew Troubles on the Frontier Why did the colonists want to settle in the Ohio River Valley? The Ohio River Valley Flat land that’s good for farming The Ohio River is important for transportation. It was a source of valuable furs. It allowed for trading with the Indians.

5. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationNew Troubles on the Frontier British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace Pontiac’s War breaks out The Native Americans give up and return home King George makes the Proclamation of 1763 10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law

6. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationClashes With Native Americans Lord Jeffery Amherst in the Ohio River Valley Lord Amherst was an important general during the Seven Years War against the French back in Britain and in the French and Indian War in America. Lord Amherst treated the Native Americans differently than the French used to; no feasts, no presents, and higher prices. Because of this, Pontiac (an Indian leader) calls the British “dogs dressed in red, who have come to rob [us] of [our] hunting grounds and drive away the game.”

7. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationWar on the Frontier British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace Pontiac’s War breaks out The Native Americans give up and return home King George makes the Proclamation of 1763 10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law

8. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationWar on the Frontier Pontiac’s War Chief Pontiac had the respect and support of many of the Native American tribes living in the Ohio River Valley. Chief Pontiac organized his tribe and attacked the British at Fort Detroit. Other Indian tribes soon joined in the fight. It took a few months, but as more British troops arrived in the Ohio River Valley and as the French were defeated in the French and Indian War, Pontiac knew they could not win, and gave up.

9. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationWar on the Frontier

10. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationWar on the Frontier British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace Pontiac’s War breaks out The Native Americans give up and return home King George makes the Proclamation of 1763 10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law

11. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationProclamation of 1763 British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace Pontiac’s War breaks out The Native Americans give up and return home King George makes the Proclamation of 1763 10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law

12. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationProclamation of 1763 The Royal Proclamation of 1763 No British subjects (citizens) can move into the Ohio River Valley. Any colonists already living in the Ohio River Valley should “remove themselves” at once! I am sending 10,000 British soldiers to enforce this law. King George III

14. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationProclamation of 1763 The Proclamation of 1763 Britain had just fought and won the French and Indian war (and Pontiac’s War) to gain all the land in the Ohio River Valley. Why do you think King George would not want colonists moving there? King George III

15. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationProclamation of 1763 British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace Pontiac’s War breaks out The Native Americans give up and return home King George makes the Proclamation of 1763 10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law

16. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes 10,000 more British soldiers in the colonies Soldiers were sent to enforce the Proclamation of 1763 line and not allow colonists to settle west of the line. Instead, most of the soldiers sent to the colonies stayed in large cities like Boston, New York, and Philadelphia on the coast instead of going to the wild frontier. The colonists should pay for the pro- tection that England is providing for them. The colonists should pay their fair share of England’s debt! The Prime Minister of England, George Grenville, decided that the colonists should help pay back Britain for the French and Indian War and pay for the soldiers sent to the colonies. George Grenville

17. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes 10,000 soldiers are sent to the colonies New taxes to pay for the soldiers “No Taxation without Representation” The colonists begin to organize their resistance The Boston Massacre

18. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes 10,000 soldiers are sent to the colonies New taxes to pay for the soldiers “No Taxation without Representation” The colonists begin to organize their resistance The Boston Massacre

19. Chapter 5 section 2 Britain Imposes New TaxesThe Sugar Act The Revenue Act of 1764, better known as the Sugar Act was not actually a new tax, but replaced a higher tax on molasses (and sugar cane and sugar beets) that was not being paid by many colonists who were smuggling or buying smuggled molasses. So, the tax itself was lower than the old tax, but now there were more soldiers and tax collectors to help make sure the tax was paid which made many colonists unhappy. molasses

20. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes 10,000 soldiers are sent to the colonies New taxes to pay for the soldiers “No Taxation without Representation” The colonists begin to organize their resistance The Boston Massacre

21. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes The Stamp Act PAID A tax stamp, that shows you paid not a postage stamp • A tax on... • legal documents (wills, diplomas, marriage licenses) • newspapers • almanacs • playing cards • dice (used for gambling)

22. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes The Stamp Act

23. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationProtesting the Stamp Act The Stamp Act PAID Violent Protests This tax made colonists angry and they began to openly protest by throwing rocks at the tax collectors and sometimes even tarring and feathering the agents.

24. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationProtesting the Stamp Act • The British View... • Why were the colonists so angry about the taxes? • Britain had spent a lot of money toprotect the colonies • from France and win the French and Indian War. • Taxes were even higher back at home in Britain.

25. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationProtesting the Stamp Act The British View... “Our Colonies must be the biggest Beggars in the World, if such small Duties appear to be intolerable Burdens in their Eyes.” What is George Grenville saying?

26. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation “No Taxation without Representation!” Why were the colonists so angry about taxes? The colonists felt that any tax passed by the Prime Minister and King George was unfair because the colonists did not get to elect representatives to look out for them and vote on the taxes. This was considered “taxation without representation”. Also, most of the money that was paid in taxes went back to England and did not directly support or help the colonies.

27. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationUniting in Peaceful Protest The Colonists Start to Resist Not all of the protests were violent... The colonists also began organizing and protesting in non-violent ways. Petitions The colonies sent delegates to a meeting to discuss the hated Stamp Tax. This was called the Stamp Act Congress. The group decided to send a petition to England asking Parliament to repeal the tax or give them representatives.

28. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationUniting in Peaceful Protest The Colonists Start to Resist Not all of the protests were violent... Boycotts When Parliament paid no attention to their petition, the colonists started a boycott. When colonists refused to buy other British goods, British merchants complained and eventually Parliament repealed or took back the Stamp Act.

29. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts Back in England, the debate about taxes continues... You are cowards, you are afraid of the Americans, you dare not tax America! Fear? Cowards? I dare tax America! Charles Townshend George Grenville

30. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts I dare tax America! Charles Townshend passed a tax on everyday goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea. Again, the colonists were upset because they were being taxed without having any say about the taxes or getting any real benefit from the tax money.

31. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts Writ of Assistance allows holder to search a ship or warehouse on demand. Charles Townshend set up a new way to make sure the taxes were collected. He gave customs officials legal documents called writs of assistance which allowed the officers to inspect any ship or warehouse for any reason.

32. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts Writ of Assistance allows holder to search a ship or warehouse on demand. What does a police officer or government official need to search your house (or boat or business) today?

33. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts Writ of Assistance allows holder to search a ship or warehouse on demand. What does a police officer or government official need to search your house (or boat or business) today? ASearch WarrantOR Probable Cause

34. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts Colonial Protests grow... Colonists saw Townshend’s writs of assistance as a violation of their right to privacy and their right to property. “Now, one of the most essential branches of English liberty is the freedom over one’s house. A man’s house is his castle; and while he is quiet, he is well guarded as a prince in his castle. This writ [of assistance], if it should be declared legal, would totally destroy this privilege. Customhouse officers may enter our houses when they please… break locks, bars, and everything in their way. --colonist James Otis, 1761

35. Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts Chapter 5 section 2 Colonial Protests grow... Colonists immediately respond to the Townshend Acts by boycotting British goods again. They also formed resistance groups such as the Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty who lead protests and demonstrations. They later formed committees of correspondenceto further help spread the news from one colony to the next through a series of letters and pamphlets written regularly reporting on events in the colonies.

36. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation Colonial Leaders MASSACHUSETTS Samuel Adams He’s my cousin! John Adams

37. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation Colonial Leaders VIRGINIA Patrick Henry “If this be treason, make the most of it!” George Washington A young Thomas Jefferson

38. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation 10,000 soldiers are sent to the colonies New taxes to pay for the soldiers “No Taxation without Representation” The colonists begin to organize their resistance The Boston Massacre

39. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation The Boston Massacre There are two sides to every story… The colonist’s version

41. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation The Boston Massacre There are two sides to every story… The British version

43. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation The Boston Massacre Who’s version do you think is this?

45. Chapter 5 section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation The Boston Massacre Who’s version do you think is this?