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Origins of comparative psychology

Origins of comparative psychology. Douglas Spalding Studied instinct in perceptions of baby chicks Also observed imprinting Suggested modern concept of a critical period for learning George Romanes Founder of comparative psychology Used anecdotal method to study accomplishments of animals.

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Origins of comparative psychology

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  1. Origins of comparative psychology • Douglas Spalding • Studied instinct in perceptions of baby chicks • Also observed imprinting • Suggested modern concept of a critical period for learning • George Romanes • Founder of comparative psychology • Used anecdotal method to study accomplishments of animals

  2. Conwy Lloyd Morgan (1852-1936) • Lloyd Morgan’s canon: explanations for animal behavior should be in the simplest terms possible (parsimony) • Re-interpreted Romanes’ claim about scorpions “committing suicide” when surrounded by fire • Studied trial-and-error learning with his dog, Tony, learning to move a gate

  3. The study of individual differences • Francis Galton • Demonstrated that each person has a unique fingerprint • Used statistical analysis to study whether intelligence was inherited • First person to use the survey method • Also used twin studies to examine heredity • Great proponent of eugenics movement

  4. Galton’s measures of intelligence • Sensory/motor capacities • Reaction time • Visual & auditory acuity • Color naming • Judgment of line lengths • Grip strength • Head size

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