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Use of GIS in the Management of Resources and Leisure Services. Karen Bibbins , Ed.D ., CTRS Presentation Northern Virginia Community College April 22, 2015. GIS:A Tool for Recreation Professionals. What is Geographic Information System?
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Use of GIS in the Management of Resources and Leisure Services Karen Bibbins, Ed.D., CTRS PresentationNorthern Virginia Community College April 22, 2015
GIS:A Tool for Recreation Professionals • What is Geographic Information System? • GIS is technically both a data base system and a set of operations for describing geographical properties (lee & Graefe 2004) • GIS has two major operational capacities: • Spatial information- stressing large database inventory • Spatial analysis-stressing functionality • Simply put, GIS is a technology that analyzes data from a geographic perspective. • A geographic information system (GIS) lets us visualize, question, analyze, and interpret data to understand relationships, patterns, and trends(www.ersi.com)
GIS and Outdoor Recreation • The earliest literature of the application of GIS first appeared in the Journals of Park and Recreation and Leisure Research in the late 1960’s. • Lentnek, Van Doren and Trail (1969) conducted a survey of recreational boaters’ spatial behaviors on inland lakes in Ohio. • The application of GIS in outdoor recreation have focused on resource location, spatial patterns of distribution and distance measurement. • GIS has been used to describe the characteristics of recreational sites aimed at satisfying certain needs of visitors (Confer & Graefe, 1994). • Lee and Graefe (2004) incorporated GIS to identify sites preferred by different age groups of visitors.
GIS in Urban Parks and Recreation • Wicks, Backman, Allen and Blaricom (1993) were the first to thoroughly discuss trends of GIS applications in the field of park and recreation management. They summarized prevalent uses of GIS: • Area Mapping and reporting about park and recreation sites • Selecting a location for new facilities • Tracking and analyzing facility development trends • Documenting demographic patterns and trends • Tracking attitudes and interest survey data and displaying it spatially • Nicholls and Shafer (2001) adopted GIS technology in urban park and recreation services to assess accessibility and equity in a local park system.
The Power of Mapping as an approach to Park Planning and Design
What is GIS? • GIS combines layers of information about a place to give you a better understanding of that place. What layers of information you combine depends on your purpose. • Finding the best location when considering the orientation of a recreation building in a park. • Analyzing environmental damage in wetlands • Viewing similar demographics for recreation planning • Trends and Patterns of recreation facilities and use • GIS plays an important role in managing, planning, marketing and evaluating park and recreation services.
References Confer, J & Graefe, A. (1992). A geographic information systems approach to analysis of spatial relationships between recreational boating users and perceived impacts. Proceedings of the 1992 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium (pp. 103-110). Bolton Landing, NY: USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-232. Hicks, J., & Hammond, R. (2005). ND MORE GUESS WITH GIS. Parks & Recreation, 40(6), 52. Lee, B., & Graefe, A. (2004). GIS: A Tool to Locate New Park and Recreation Services. Parks & Recreation, 39(10), 34. Lentnek, B., Van Doren, C., & Trail, J. (1969). Spatial behavior in recreational boating. Journal of Leisure Research, 1(2), 103-124. Nicholls, S. & Shafer, C. S. (2001). Measuring Accessibility and equity in a local park system: The Utility of geospatial technologies to park and recreation professionals. Journal of Park and recreation Administration, 19(4), 102-124. Wicks, B., Backman, K., Allen, J. & Blaricom, D. V. (1993). Georgraphic information systems (GIS): A tool for marketing, managing, and planning municipal park systems. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 11(1), 9-23. • www.esri.com/what-is-gis