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Terrorism, Separatists, and Sectarians. Characteristics of Terrorism. Premeditated Politically Motivated Against Noncombatant Intended to influence an audience. Terrorism.
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Characteristics of Terrorism • Premeditated • Politically Motivated • Against Noncombatant • Intended to influence an audience
Terrorism • Terrorism defined: Title 22 of the United States Code, Section 2656f(d) offers this definition: "The premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience."
1. The Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race. They have greatly increased the life-expectancy of those of us who live in "advanced" countries, but they have destabilized society, have made life unfulfilling, have subjected human beings to indignities, have led to widespread psychological suffering (in the Third World to physical suffering as well) and have inflicted severe damage on the natural world. The continued development of technology will worsen the situation. It will certainly subject human beings to greater indignities and inflict greater damage on the natural world, it will probably lead to greater social disruption and psychological suffering, and it may lead to increased physical suffering even in "advanced" countries. • 2. The industrial-technological system may survive or it may break down. If it survives, it MAY eventually achieve a low level of physical and psychological suffering, but only after passing through a long and very painful period of adjustment and only at the cost of permanently reducing human beings and many other living organisms to engineered products and mere cogs in the social machine. Furthermore, if the system survives, the consequences will be inevitable: There is no way of reforming or modifying the system so as to prevent it from depriving people of dignity and autonomy. • 3. If the system breaks down the consequences will still be very painful. But the bigger the system grows the more disastrous the results of its breakdown will be, so if it is to break down it had best break down sooner rather than later. • 4. We therefore advocate a revolution against the industrial system. This revolution may or may not make use of violence: it may be sudden or it may be a relatively gradual process spanning a few decades. We can't predict any of that. But we do outline in a very general way the measures that those who hate the industrial system should take in order to prepare the way for a revolution against that form of society. This is not to be a POLITICAL revolution. Its object will be to overthrow not governments but the economic and technological basis of the present society.
Explain this statement:One person's terrorist is another's "freedom fighter."
What is terrorism?Who is a terrorist? Have the methods and goals of terrorists changed over recent years?
The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the lead investigator of all terrorist acts in the United States. • A total of 457 incidents took place in the United States from 1980 to 1999. There were 272 terrorist incidents, 55 suspected to be such incidents, and 130 were prevented terrorist acts. In 70% of the cases, attacks involved bombings.Assassinations and arson were the other most used methods, used in roughly 5% of the events.
Categories of Terrorists: • Animal Rights • Environmental • Religious (Race, sexuality) • Antigovernment/Political
Animal Rights • P.E.T.A.- People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. • This is not a terrorist organization. • Our Mission Statement • People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world, with more than 2 million members and supporters.
PETA Cont. • PETA focuses its attention on the four areas in which the largest numbers of animals suffer the most intensely for the longest periods of time: on factory farms, in the clothing trade, in laboratories, and in the entertainment industry. We also work on a variety of other issues, including the cruel killing of beavers, birds, and other "pests" as well as cruelty to domesticated animals.
PETA • PETA works through public education, cruelty investigations, research, animal rescue, legislation, special events, celebrity involvement, and protest campaigns. • "total animal liberation." PETA defines this as follows: No wearing of leather, fur, or any other animal product; no eating meat or drinking milk; no eating of eggs or honey; no zoos, circuses, 4H, or any other animal exhibition; no fishing or hunting; no medical testing of any kind upon animals, and no pets.
PETA • In a fundraising speech Bruce Friedrich said, “If we really believe that animals have the same right to be free from pain and suffering at our hands, then, of course we're going to be, as a movement, blowing things up and smashing windows ... I think it's a great way to bring about animal liberation ... I think it would be great if all of the fast-food outlets, slaughterhouses, these laboratories, and the banks that fund them exploded tomorrow. I think it's perfectly appropriate for people to take bricks and toss them through the windows.”
Environmental Terrorism: Earth Liberation Front (ELF) • The Earth Liberation Front is an international underground organization that uses direct action to sabotage corporations and government agencies that profit from the systematic destruction of the natural environment. The ELF are considered the #1 domestic terrorist threat by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and have caused over $45 million in damages in the US since their appearance in 1997. Their record includes the $12 million arson at Vail Resorts in October, 1998, the $1 million arson at Boise Cascade's NW Regional Headquarters in December, 1999, the $1 million arson at the United States Forest Service Northeast Research Station in Irvine, Pennsylvania, on August 11, 2002, and over 3 dozen other serious actions.
In 2002, the Earth Liberation Front claimed responsibility for an arson attack causing more than $700,000 in damage to a U.S. Forest Service research facility in Irvine.
Religious Extremists • The Christian Identitymovement is a movement of many extremely conservative Christian churches and religious organizations, extreme right wing political groups and survival groups. Some are independent; others are loosely interconnected. According to Professor Michael Barkun, one of the leading experts in the Christian Identity movement, "This virulent racist and anti-Semitic theology, which is practiced by over 50,000 people in the United States alone, is prevalent among many right wing extremist groups and has been called the 'glue' of the racist right."
The K.K.K. • The largest Christian Identity movement has traditionally been the Ku Klux Klan which was reorganized in 1915 by William Simmons, a Christian pastor. He had been inspired by the film The Birth of a Nation which portrayed the KKK as a champion of white civilization. The KKK slid into obscurity by the second World War, but was revitalized in the mid 1950's as a reaction to enforced racial integration in the southern US.
Quoting the FBI's Megiddo Report on domestic terrorism: • "Wesley Swift is considered the single most significant figure in the early years of the Christian Identity movement in the United States. He popularized it in the right-wing by 'combining British-Israelism, a demonic anti-Semitism, and political extremism.' He founded his own church in California in the mid 1940s where he could preach this ideology. In addition, he had a daily radio broadcast in California during the 1950s and 60s, through which he was able to proclaim his ideology to a large audience.
With Swift’s efforts, the message of his church spread, leading to the creation of similar churches throughout the country. In 1957, the name of his church was changed to The Church of Jesus Christ Christian, which is used today by Aryan Nations (AN) churches."
Antigovernment • http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2011/11/02/nr-potok-domestic-militias.cnn • Many have names that we would identify with such as The Christian Liberty Guard and the Oath Keepers.
Militia groups are armed paramilitary groups of varying sizes that organize and train in preparation for possible future armed resistance to an encroaching “New World Order” conspiracy that seeks to render the American people disarmed, defenseless slaves.
In 2007 there were 50 militia groups in the United States. Following the election of Obama the number now is over 200. Social networking has helped the groups organize and spread their message. • The militia movement is a major source of anti-Obama and anti-government hostility, and a major audience for the extreme conspiracy theories revolving around FEMA, martial law, and gun confiscation. Because the militia movement has had a fairly strong association with criminal activity, especially related to illegal weapons and explosives, or conspiracies to use them, the resurgence of this movement is a matter of some concern to law enforcement.
The Oath Keepers use patriotic images such as the Minute Man.
Stewart Rhodes, a Nevada lawyer and sculptor and former staffer for Representative Ron Paul, said that the Oath Keepers is a group that deliberately targets police officers and military personnel for recruitment into the anti-government movement. Its basic pitch is to remind such people that they swore an oath to defend the Constitution “from all enemies, foreign and domestic,” and to suggest that now is the time to live up to that oath by resisting an allegedly tyrannical government.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uk_YnUhPbc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivpX6iV1tfQ&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ltfxtd16OM&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1TjAC7dBqc&feature=related
The “orders” the Oath Keepers refuse reveal their extreme conspiratorial mindset, because the “orders” are not instructions ever likely to be actually handed down by the President or his officials; instead, they are reflective of the anti-government conspiracy theories embraced by the extreme right. The first “order,” for example, that they refuse to follow is any order “to disarm the American people.” They also pledge to disobey any order to impose martial law or to support foreign troops on American soil. The other “orders” they refuse to follow are of a similar sort.
The Three Percenters • The Three Percenters are a loosely organized movement that apparently formed in late 2008, centered around an obscure and not particularly accurate Revolutionary War “statistic” that suggested that only 3% of the American population during the Revolutionary War participated as combatants in the war (the actual figure was nearly twice that). Three Percenters claim that they are a modern counterpart to that mythical 3% of American Revolutionary-era patriots.
“The Three Percent today are gun owners who will not disarm, will not compromise and will no longer back up at the passage of the next gun control act…We will not obey any further circumscription of our traditional liberties and will defend ourselves if attacked…We are committed to the restoration of the Founders’ Republic, and are willing to fight, die, and, if forced by any would-be oppressor, to kill in the defense of ourselves and the Constitution that we all took an oath to uphold against enemies foreign and domestic.”
While the Oath Keepers, Three Percenters, and The Christian Liberty Guard have not been accused of any terrorist activity, at times these type groups come into contact with government agencies who wish to search their property for illegal weapons etc. There have been times when the encounters have turned violent.
