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The End of WWI

The End of WWI. When/Where are we?. When/Where are we?. A truly Global War. While the war took place mostly in Europe, there was action elsewhere (Africa, the Middle East, Asia)

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The End of WWI

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  1. The End of WWI

  2. When/Where are we?

  3. When/Where are we?

  4. A truly Global War • While the war took place mostly in Europe, there was action elsewhere (Africa, the Middle East, Asia) • More importantly, thousands of Indians, Canadians, Australians, and Africans fought for their respective “mother” countries

  5. Fall of Germany • At the beginning of the war, Britain & the other Allies established a naval blockade of Germany; this blockade really effected the German war effort after 1916 • Germany knocked Russia out of the war in 1917, which seemed like a huge blow to the Triple Entente • However, the U.S. Entered the war in 1916, & the Austrian & Ottoman Empires were increasingly weak & unhelpful to Germany • German forces retreated back to Germany, & the government signed an armistice on 11/11/1918

  6. Casualty List • Britain: 947,000 dead, over 2 million wounded • France: 1.3 million dead, 3 million wounded • Russia: 1.7 million dead, 5 million wounded • Italy: 460,000 dead, 1 million wounded • U.S.A.: 115,000 dead, 206,000 wounded • Germany: 1.8 million dead, 4.2 million wounded • Austria: 1.2 million dead, 3.6 million wounded • Ottoman: 325,000 dead, 400,000 wounded • TOTAL: ~10 million dead, ~20 million wounded

  7. Russia & the U.S. • Russia does poorly in the war, leading to revolution • The Bolshevik Revolution takes place in 1917, making Russia communist • The Bolsheviks eventually kill the Tsar & his family, and form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • The USA enters the war in 1916 due to Germany sinking so many US ships with their U-boats • The USA is able to tip the balance in the Allies’ favor, & takes a greater role on the world stage

  8. V.I. Lenin leads the communist revolution in Russia in 1917

  9. Other Results • Empires disintegrate: Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, & Russian Empire end after WWI • Balfour Declaration of 1917: an official endorsement from the British government to find a “home” for Jews (would lead to the founding of Israel in 1948) • League of Nations founded in 1919 • Japan rose in power, Germany was disgraced • Triple Entente gained more colonies in the M.E. & Africa (took them from Triple Alliance countries)

  10. Treaty of Versailles • Signed June 28, 1919 • Germany: forced to accept blame for war (is this strange?), stripped of colonies & some European territories, not allowed to have much of a military, & forced to pay war reparations • Treaty formed the League of Nations in hopes nations could avoid war • U.S. President Woodrow Wilson proposed his “Fourteen Points” hoping for “peace without victory” but the Allies refused

  11. The Big 3

  12. Arab Delegates at Treaty of Versailles meeting

  13. The Roaring ‘20s

  14. Optimism • Though there was great disillusionment following WWI, there was also a feeling of optimism in the West in the 1920s • Women had worked in factories while the men were fighting & felt more empowered once the war ended; Britain, Germany & the U.S. gave women suffrage in the ‘20s • Western economies boomed as soldiers returned to peacetime jobs, factories began mass-producing consumer goods, & wartime taxes were decreased

  15. New Inventions/Products • Henry Ford’s Model T automobile sold millions in the 1920s; cars transformed everything from rural isolation to teenage dating habits • Radios became much more widespread • Consumer items like shaving cream, ice boxes, stoves, etc. were more readily available & in use • Mass production led to mass consumption of new products

  16. 1920s Art • Music: Jazz began in African-American communities in the southern US & spread throughout the US & Europe • The “Lost Generation”: group of writers & artists who were very cynical & pessimistic due to the loss of innocence in WWI (Ernest Hemingway) • Picasso’s cubist paintings become popular • “Talkies” became very popular; “Jazz Singer” was the first

  17. Other events • Prohibition in the US: alcohol is banned, leading to a boom in illegal bars (the “speakeasy) and organized crime • Charles Lindberg (an American) makes the first solo flight across the Atlantic • Small signs of trouble: Benito Mussolini seizes power in Italy in 1922 • End of the 1920s: NY Stock Exchange crashes in October 1929, ending the “boom” & ushering in the Great Depression

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