Book 1 Lesson Nine

1. Book 1 Lesson Nine

2. Text Learning Text A The Discovery of X-rays

3. Text-related Information • Wilhelm Conrad Rontge • X-ray -- The Invisible Rays Producing Visible Pictures

4. Text-related Information Wilhelm Conrad Rontge Born on March 27, 1845, died on Feb. 10, 1923, Munich. German physicist who was a recipient of the first Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1901, for his discovery of X rays, which heralded the age of modern physics and revolutionized diagnostic medicine. Wilhelm Conrad Rontge

5. Text-related Information One century ago, Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen discovered the X-ray (called that because X meant they didn't know what it was) which began the use of energy to visualize medical problems in patients. The subspecialty of medicine which developed from this discovery is Radiology. With X-rays both then and now, the rays themselves (a form of energy) are not visible with the eye. Another method or material must be used to convert the information to a visible or useable form. X-rays typically use film or screens combined with TV to make the structures penetrated by Ray visible.

6. Word Study

7. account In the magazine, Cook gives a colorful account of his first meeting with Hamilton. The book gives a blow-by-blow account of how England lost to Portugal Eye-witness accounts told of the unprovoked shooting of civilians. This gives a first-hand account of the war. Compare: My salary is paid into my bank account. I've opened an account with Barclay's Bank.

8. affect and influence Both mean to have an effect upon a person’s behaviour, thinking or feelings. Influence is to bring about a change in another’s actions or thoughts by persuasion, example of action, often of an indirect sort: Eg. Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, John takes up the study of medicine. influencing workers to produce more goods by praising them and bettering their working conditions.

9. affect and influence Affect means to have an effect on another’s feeling: Eg. He is always deeply affected by Handel’s music. Fear affects some people by making them powerless to act. Influence and affect may both be used of things that tend to respond to outside stimuli or actions. Influence is usually used in this sense of intangible forces, and affect of physical ones: Eg. to influence public opinion through the press to affect the size of a crop by using fertilizer affect may sometimes imply an undesirable reaction Eg. Unusual exertion may affect the heart.

10. assign assign somebody a task / role Eg. I've been assigned the task of looking after the new students. assign somebody to something Eg. Jan's been assigned to the Asian Affairs Bureau. assign somebody to do something Eg. Madison was assigned to investigate a balloon accident. assign somebody something Eg. Assign each student a partner.

11. Pattern Drills blame责备 责怪 Marie still blames herself for Patrick's death. The report blames poor safety standards for the accident. The police blamed the explosion on terrorists. If it’s not Tom’s fault, why was I blaming him? Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of blame. The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. If their forces were not involved, then who is to blame? blame something on somebody/something One of the computers is broken and she's blaming it on me. The crash was blamed on pilot error.

12. Text Learning external: 外在的 外部的 external walls / external debt / for external use Such events occur only when the external conditions are favorable. internal: 内在的 内部的

13. Text Learning honour • He was showered with honours-amang them an Oscar in 1950. • Two American surgeons were last week honoured with the 2006 Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology. • Perhaps as it is so close to noon, you would do me the honour of having lunch with me. • Peter said he would be very honoured to be invited. • The Foundation is holding a dinner at the Museum of American Art in honour of the opening of their new show.

14. Text Learning relieve • This should save her from boredom and will also relieve the pressure on you to keep her entertained. • The medicine can relieve her pain. • A porter relieved her of the three large cases. • The officer involved was relieved of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines. • At seven o’clock the night nurse came in to relieve her. 顶班

15. depend on / upon The length of time spent exercising depends on the sport you are training for. The appropriate steps will vary depending upon the clinical circumstances. disagree He is tolerant of those who disagree with him. Barr strongly disagreed with Kronfeld's statement. disagree about/on/over Experts disagree on how much the program will cost. .

16. Text Learning

17. Background information Rontgen, Wilhelm Conrad - born March 27, 1845, Lennep, Prussia [now Remscheid, Ger.] d. Feb. 10, 1923, Munich - German physicist who was a recipient of the first Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1901, for his discovery of X rays, which heralded the age of modern physics and revolutionized diagnostic medicine. In view of its uncertain nature, he called the phenomenon X-radiation, though it also became known as Rontgen radiation. He took the first X-ray photographs, of the interiors of metal objects and of the bones in his wife's hand.

18. make up experiment with be to blame for put off prefer … to … fit together give somebody permission in honor of to do something go on to do prep. + relative clause come to realize have something done invisible to find out as well as get to by accident depend on

19. Translation

20. Translation Exercises, p172 • His mother asked him, “ where have you been the whole morning?” • His mother asked him where he had been the whole morning.

21. Translation Exercises, p172 2. Xiao Wang asked me, “ what shall I do?” Xiao Wang asked me, “ what she should do? • Wang asked me, “ is there an English film tonight?” • Wang asked me if there was an English film that night.

22. 4. He asked the librarian, “ when is the book due?” He asked the librarian when the was due.

23. The chairman of the meeting said to him, “ Be brief, please. Come to the point.” • The chairman of the meeting told him to be brief and come to the point.”

24. 6. My friend said to me, “Come to my place on Sundays when you are free.” My friend asked me to go to her place on Sundays when I was free.

25. Material for Dictation

26. Do as the Americans Do Be generous with your compliments. I wonder whether the Americans’ confidence has anything to do with all those compliments they give to each other all the time. Compliments are exchanged between parents and children, between husband and wife, between friends or acquaintances, on every achievement or advance, major or minor. On a daily basis, they tend to give compliments on others’ appearance. So be sure to be quick at finding out if anybody is wearing anything new or impressive and remember to say, “You look awfully smart in this new shirt!” or “I really like you jacket!” or “That bag looks real cool”. If you can’t find anything new, then you can simply say, “Hey, you look great today!” As a teacher, I have learned to give generous compliments to my students whenever they put a question to . I would say, “That’s a really good question” or “That’s an interesting point” before I proceed to explain or give an answer, although the question may be ridiculous or foolish sometimes. There are certainly a lot of other things I’ve learned and adjusted to here, but there are also things that know I will never be able to learn: shouting as a way of talking to your friends in the bar on Friday night, or driving at breakneck speed, winding down the windows of your car and playing rock’ n’ roll at full volume so as to deafen every passenger on the road.