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Last pre-war days: The final straw(s)

Last pre-war days: The final straw(s). Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857). Had been slave in MO Moved with owner to IL & WI (free states) Lived there 4 years They returned to MO. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857). Owner died in MO Inherited? Sued to officially receive freedom.

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Last pre-war days: The final straw(s)

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  1. Last pre-war days:The final straw(s)

  2. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) • Had been slave in MO • Moved with owner to IL & WI (free states) • Lived there 4 years • They returned to MO

  3. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) • Owner died in MO • Inherited? • Sued to officially receive freedom

  4. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) • CJ/SC Roger Taney ruled: • Slaves didn’t have rights of citizens • Case couldn’t be heard in a slave state court

  5. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) • CJ/SC Roger Taney ruled: • MO Comp (1820) unconstitutional • If owner moves to “free state”, can’t be forced to give up property

  6. Reaction to Dred Scott • Taney thought he was settling slavery issue • President James Buchanan: • To their decision, in common with all good citizens, I shall cheerfully submit… (A)ll agree that under the Constitution slavery in the States is beyond the reach of any human power except that of the respective States themselves

  7. 1857 – Lecompton Const • Proslavery Kansans had won original vote to set up state gov • 1857 – state gov asked Congress to admit KS as a slave state

  8. 1857 – Lecompton Const • Abolitionists asked for a referendum on slavery • 90% of people in Kansas against slavery by then • State gov refused referendum (they knew they’d lose)

  9. 1857 – Lecompton Const • Pres Buchanan (D) backed Lecompton government • He owed the south for his election • Stephen Douglas (also D) disagreed – popular sovereignty • He didn’t care who won, just wanted them to vote

  10. 1858 – Lincoln vs. Douglas • Race for Senate from IL • Stephen Douglas (D) • Incumbent Senator • Abraham Lincoln (R) • Unknown lawyer

  11. 1858 – Lincoln vs. Douglas • Lincoln challenged Douglas to 7 debates all over IL • Many people came to watch them

  12. Douglas’s argument • Popular sovereignty in territories was important • Slavery might die out on its own • Slavery not immoral, just backward and unnecessary in plains states

  13. Lincoln’s argument • Slavery is immoral – based on greed • Popular sovereignty not enough –must pass laws to limit slavery

  14. Freeport doctrine • Lincoln trying to say popular sovereignty wouldn’t work • Asked what if settlers of a territory vote down slavery • Dred Scott decision said you couldn’t ban slavery

  15. Freeport doctrine • Douglas replied that if local cops didn’t enforce slave laws • It didn’t matter what the law was, b/c locals determine what laws would be enforced

  16. 1858 – Lincoln vs. Douglas • Douglas won Senate seat • BUT: • people began to notice Lincoln

  17. 1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA • John Brown led 21 abolitionists • Raided US arsenal for weapons • Planning massive slave revolts

  18. 1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA • Took 60 wealthy locals hostage • Hoped their slaves would revolt • They didn’t

  19. 1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA • Finally captured by US Marines • Brown convicted of treason, sentenced to die by hanging

  20. Reaction to John Brown • In north: • Martyr for freedom • In south: • Mobs attacked people suspected to be abolitionists • Secession talk increased

  21. 1860 Republican convention • William Seward expected to be the nominee • Strong abolitionist • Govof NY – very powerful • Made lots of political enemies

  22. 1860 Republican convention • Abraham Lincoln • More moderate about slavery • Said he didn’t intend to interfere with southern slavery • Unknown, so few enemies • Republicans selected Lincoln

  23. 1860 Democrats • North & south couldn’t agree on one candidate • North – Stephen Douglas (IL) • South – John Breckenridge (KY)

  24. Constitutional Union Party • Minor party for this election • Moderates from across the country • Ignored the issue of slavery • Just wanted to keep US together

  25. 1860 election Abraham Lincoln (R, IL) – Stephen Douglas (D, IL) John Breckenridge (SD, KY) – John Bell (CU, TN)

  26. 1860 election

  27. Secession • Lincoln’s election scared the south • Feared north would oppress them • South Carolina seceded first • December 20, 1860 • 2½ months before Lincoln inaugurated

  28. Secession • MS was next to secede • Then FL, AL, GA, LA & TX • Other southern states didn’t secede until after war started

  29. The states of the CSA • Only 11 states ended up seceding • 4 slave states didn’t secede at all • MO, KY, MD, DE • All had very few slaves • Economic ties to northern states • Lincoln promised US wouldn’t free slaves in states that remained loyal

  30. Legal issues • Secession decision based on: • USA compact between states, not government above the states • States can leave peacefully • States’ rights must be guaranteed

  31. Previously threatened secessions • Northerners: • Hartford Convention (1814-15) • Southerners: • Debate over slavery (1790) • Missouri crisis (1820) • Nullification crisis (1832) • California crisis (1850)

  32. Confederate States of America • Formed Feb 1861 • Copied US Constitution, but: • Protected states’ rights • Guaranteed slavery • Referenced God • Prohibited protective tariffs

  33. Jefferson Davis • President of the Confederate States of America • Was US Senator from Mississippi

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