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INTEGRATED MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN SANGGOU BAY, CHINA 桑沟湾多营养层次综合养殖模式

8 th U.S.-China Living Marine Resources Panel Joint Coordination Meeting. INTEGRATED MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN SANGGOU BAY, CHINA 桑沟湾多营养层次综合养殖模式. Yuze Mao ， Jianguang Fang 毛玉泽，方建光 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Science(CAFS)

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INTEGRATED MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN SANGGOU BAY, CHINA 桑沟湾多营养层次综合养殖模式

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  1. 8th U.S.-China Living Marine Resources Panel Joint Coordination Meeting INTEGRATED MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN SANGGOU BAY, CHINA桑沟湾多营养层次综合养殖模式 Yuze Mao，Jianguang Fang 毛玉泽，方建光 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Science(CAFS) 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所

  2. Contents • Status of Mariculture in China • What is IMTA? • IMTA model In Sanggou Bay • Potential cooperation fields

  3. Change of Aquaculture Structure水产养殖结构的变化

  4. Mariculture Output in China海水养殖产量 Data from FAO 2008 Seaweed yield is wet weight.

  5. Characteristics of China Mariculture中国海水养殖的特点 The yield of seaweed and shellfish is greater than 90 %.

  6. Problems and Challenges in Mariculture问题与挑战 • Challenges Food supply：How to produce more products? Food safety：How to make sure sustainable efficient clear aquatic products produce? Ecological safety：How to make cultivation and environment develop in harmony come true? • Target The balance among 3E（Economy, Environment, and Ecology） • Solution IMTA may be one of the best solutions.

  7. What is IMTA?什么是多营养层次综合养殖 • Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture isa healthy sustainable development concept of mariculture，is an international focus field recently. 健康的可持续的海水养殖模式，国际研究的热点 • Principle: take full advantage of nutrients and energy 充分利用系统内的物质和能量 • Advantage: is an EAA (Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture ) management model. has a higher carrying capacity and sustainable food production.基于生态系统的养殖模式，具有较高的容纳量和食物产出

  8. Macroalgae Biogenic Sediment Key Processes and Ecosystem Structure of IMTA多营养层次综合养殖的结构和关键过程 Death Fall Off Suspended Particulate Matter Water Filter Food Intake Harvest Output Microalgae Open Sea Exchange Bivalve Metabolism Absorption Nutrient（N、 P、O2，CO2） Competition Respiration Photosynthesis Biodeposition Nutrient Input Physical Process Cage Culture Fish Deposition Remnant Feed, Excrements Bioturbation Food Intake Nutrition in Sediments Deposit Feeders Respiratory Metabolism Excrements Microbiological Degradation Mineralization • Shellfish Filter Feeding；2. Shellfish Biodeposition；3. Excretions of Shellfish/Fish/ Sedimentary Organisms；4. Nutrient Absorption；5. Photosynthesis；6. Nutrient Competition ；7. Resuspension；8. Microbiological Degradation；9. Mineralization；10. Bioturbation；11. Death Fall Off；12. Remnant Feed and Excrements Deposition ；13. Plant Respiration ；14. Exchange Output

  9. Biogenic Sediment What Shellfish done? ? Suspended Particulate Matter 1. Filtrating & Feeding； 2. Respiration & Excretion ； 3. Biodeposition； 4. Growth； 5. Carbon Fixation. Carbon Fixation Filtration Ingestion Metabolism Excrements（N、P) O2，CO2 Bivalve Respiration Harvest Biodeposition Growth Nutrition in Sediments

  10. What Macroalgae done? 1. Growth Characteristics 2. Photosynthesis 3. Nutriment Uptake 4. Harvest 5. Carbon Fixation Nutriment (N,P） Nitrogen and phosphorus intake Carbon Fixation Photosynthesis O2，CO2 Macroalgae Growth Death Fall Off Harvest Nutrition in Sediments Biodeposition

  11. Contents • Status of Mariculture in China • What is IMTA? • IMTA model In Sanggou Bay • Potential cooperation fields

  12. Brief introduction about Sanggou Bay桑沟湾简介 • Sanggou Bay, a 140-km2 coastal embayment in north China (3701′-3710′N, 12224′-122 35′E), where large-scale longline culture of C. farreri and C. gigas and kelp L. japonica have been carried out since early 1980s. • 主要养殖牡蛎、扇贝和海带、龙须菜 • Water renewal between the bay and the Yellow Sea is driven by one semi-diurnal tide (tidal range 2 m) and the average depth is about 7.5 m. • 半日潮、平均水深7.5m、温度-2-25C • Sanggou Bay is one of the most important mariculture sites in north China. • 中国北方重要养殖基地。 Sanggou bay

  13. Publications and Program were carrying out in Sanggou bay桑沟湾完成的项目和发表文章 • Scientific publications: more than 150 scientific publications were published in Chinese or English journals from 1980’s. 150多篇期刊文章 • National science and technology planning projects: tens of national research projects were carried out in Sanggou bay recently.几十个国家项目资助 • Thesis: more than 20 thesises, including marine bioorganism, marine ecology, marine chemistry, and marine physical, and biogeochemistry cylce, and so on.20篇以上研究生学位论文

  14. Thesis which finished in Sanggou Bay桑沟湾完成的学位论文

  15. 桑沟湾营养盐浓度的长期变化趋势 Variance of nutrients for long time in Sanggou Bay 桑沟湾营养盐的长期变化规律 Silicium is stable, DIN is increased, while DIP is decreased in the past 30 years. 硅酸盐趋于稳定；溶解性无机氮略有增加，季节性波动较大；活性磷酸盐呈下降趋势

  16. Primary production or Particulate Organic matter Fed by filtering organisms Fed by zooplankton Carrying capacity of Bivalves贝类养殖容量 CC(Carrying capacity for cultured bivalves)

  17. Carrying capacity models of semi-closed areas半封闭海区的养殖容量 or

  18. Filter Feeding滤水摄食 • Species：Scallop, oyster, mussel, clam etc.扇贝，牡蛎，贻贝，蛤蜊等 • Established a water filtration rate determination method (Jianguang Fang, etal.)建立了现场测定滤水摄食方法 • Filtration rate is 1.27-3.99L/ (ind·h), feeding rate is 1.22- 6.99mg/ (ind·h). • 滤水率范围，摄食率范围

  19. Respiratory and Excretion (Crassostrea gigas) 呼吸排泄 Oxygen consumption rate （Ro）seasonal changes Ammonium excretion rate （Ren）seasonal changes In site studies O: N atomic ratioseasonal changes Phosphorus excretion rate （Rep）seasonal changes N: P atomic ratioseasonal changes

  20. Biodeposition生物沉积 g ind-1 d-1 Bivalve BiodepositionRate（g ind-1 d-1）

  21. Growth characteristic生长特性 WW= 0.1326 ×L 2.908， r2=0.988 WW=-23.317+8.645×L，r2=0.887 WW= 0.104 × L 2.997，r2=0.980 WW=-21.148+7.638×L，r2=0.888 n＝1170 n＝625 Chlamys farreri Pecten yessoensis WW = 0.2379×L2.748, r2=0.944 WW = -17.113+7.410×L，r2=0.891 WW = 0.886 ×L 2.652，r2=0.909 WW =-60.647+15.969L，r2=0.846 n＝693 n＝527 Argopecten irradians Crassostrea gigas

  22. Macroalgae Growth Characteristics大型藻类的生长特性 Gracilaria lemaneiformis growth characteristics (laboratory and field investigation) kelp Laminaria japonica growth characteristics (in situ measurement) Gracilaria lemaneiformisGrowth Characteristics and Culture Method Improvment

  23. Photosynthesis Rate光合作用速率 Macroalgae photosynthesis rate seasonal changes (left, Gracilaria lemaneiformis; right, Laminaria japonica) Macroalgae photosynthesis laboratory study

  24. Kelp Laminaria japonica Nutrient Uptake营养盐的吸收 Nitrigen Reduction Efficiency of Algae Different Parts（%） Comparison Algae Different Parts on the N Uptake Rate (left, medium concentration; the right, absorption rate)

  25. Research on Environmental Impact of Cage Culture网箱养殖对环境的影响 1.Growth; 2. Food Intake; 3. Respiration; 4. Excretion; 5. Defecation; 6. Nutrients Diffusion . Rongcheng Sanggou Bay

  26. Culture Area Organic Deposition Flux (Trap Method)有机质沉降通量研究

  27. Microorganism Structure Composition of Different Aquaculture Zone Waters Kelp culture area No culture area Scallop culture area Integrated area of Scallop and kelp Integrated area Oyster culture area Scallop culture area Cage area Cluster Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Different Aquaculture Zone

  28. Species N P kelp 9100 480 scallop 2008 150 Oyster 160 23 Mussel 766 72 Total 12034 725 Positive effect of mariculture on marine ecosystem Total N and P taken away by harvest of kelp and bivalves in Sungo Bay from 1985 to 1999 (MT）In average, there is about 120million ton of CARBON is removed from the coastal waters of China by shellfish and seaweeds culture each year, this is the one of biggest contribution of mariculture of China for the world

  29. 近三年来，东楮岛的大叶藻海草床面积增加了3倍多近三年来，东楮岛的大叶藻海草床面积增加了3倍多

  30. IMTA Models in Sanggou Bay 桑沟湾综合养殖模式实例

  31. Seaweed species in all reason 桑沟湾大型藻类的季节交替 Dec to Next Jun Kelp aquaculture 海带养殖 Jun-Oct Sargassum sp 马尾藻 Jun-Oct Gracilaria 龙须菜养殖

  32. Polyculture of shellfish (oyster, scallops, mussels) and kelpLaminaria -based on carrying capacity of culture site kelp kelp mussel

  33. Polyculture of Oyster and Laminaria

  34. Integrated culture of abalone and Kelp

  35. Fish-Shellfish-seaweed IMTA Model 鱼贝藻综合养殖模式

  36. Flounder-Scallop-Seaweed IMTA Model牙鲆-扇贝-海带/龙须菜综合养殖

  37. IMTA system for culture of abalone, Seaweeds and sea cucumber in China N, P N, P

  38. Kelp-Abalone-Sea cumber IMTA Model海带-鲍-刺参养殖模式 4 m 50 cm 60 cm 1 1 2 3 1. Kelp longline culture 2. Abalone net cages hanging vertically from longlines 3. Sea cucumberApostichopus japonicusadded directly to the abalone cages

  39. Size distribution of sea cucumbers刺参个体大小分布 Large variance Individual growth rates highly variable Food availability issue? Need for selective breeding? Mean= 65,5 g SD = 18,1 g Mean= 128,8 g SD = 39,0 g

  40. Assessment of service value in difference aquaculture mode 不同养殖模式系统功能评价

  41. Value of food provision service in difference aquaculture mode不同养殖模式食物供给服务功能价值

  42. Value of climate regulating service in difference aquaculture mode不同养殖系统气候相关服务功能价值

  43. Total value in difference aquaculture mode不同养殖模式的总服务价值

  44. Potential cooperation fields合作领域

  45. To study the impact of mariculture on ecosystem and environment, the interaction between mariculture and environment；海水养殖与养殖环境之间的相互作用关系。 To study the relationship between intensive mariculture in the coastal zone and the variability of marine fisheries resources, etc 海水养殖与海洋生物资源的关系。 GIS地理信息系统 Sustainable mariculture management 可持续的海水养殖管理

  46. Ecology based mariculture models and technologies生态系统水平的海水养殖模式和技术 • Based on the ecological and environmental conditions, optimizing the composition of dominant mariculture species for different sea regions to produce high quality sea food.优化不同养殖区域海水养殖种类，提供优质食物。 • Based on research results of carrying capacity, design the polyculture models which are not only no harmful to ecosystem and environment, but can provide the maximal production with higher quality in the limited space and time.基于养殖容量，建立环境友好的养殖模式，提供更充足的食物。

  47. Thanks for Your Attention!

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