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NATIONAL REDD+ SECRETARIAT

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST. Tigray Regional State REDD+ Coordination Unit. Zonal Level REDD+ Awareness Creation Workshop. NATIONAL REDD+ SECRETARIAT. Tigray Regional State, MEKELLE. Sep 3 and 4 /2015. Contact us @ reddplusethiopia@gmail.com.

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NATIONAL REDD+ SECRETARIAT

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  1. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST Tigray Regional State REDD+ Coordination Unit Zonal Level REDD+ Awareness Creation Workshop NATIONAL REDD+ SECRETARIAT Tigray Regional State, MEKELLE Sep 3 and 4 /2015 Contact us @ reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  2. Climate change & the Role of Forests to Climate Change What are the signs that climate change is occurring? What causes climate change? What is the role of forests in climate change? REDD+ Brief history of REDD+ reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  3. What is Climate Change? What are the signs of Climate Change? reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  4. What is Climate Change? reddplusethiopia@gmail.com • Climate Change = significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature or precipitation) lasting for an extended period of time (typically decades) • United Nations Forum Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines Climate Change as ‘a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere’

  5. Climate Change is happening Four major independent datasets show: 2013 was among the warmest years on record (2nd to 6th)

  6. Sea level is rising: from ocean expansion and melting glaciers • Since 1993 • Global sea level • has risen 37 mm • (1.46 inches) • 60% from • expansion as ocean temperatures rise, • 40% from melting glaciers • Steve Nerem

  7. Climate Change is happening Global National

  8. Climate Change is happening Greenhouse gases continued to climb: Atmospheric CO2 concentration hit a global average of 395.3 ppm for the year 2013

  9. http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/precipitation_changes_trends_over_land_from_1900_to_2000http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/precipitation_changes_trends_over_land_from_1900_to_2000 Climate Change is happening Changes in precipitation patterns More rain Less rain reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  10. http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/trends-in-sea-level-1870-2006http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/trends-in-sea-level-1870-2006 Rising sea levels + 3.1 mm per year • Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion and melting glaciers and ice caps • Average global sea levels have risen 17 cm during 20th century and may rise 28-58 cm by 2100 Global mean sea level rise from 1870 - 2006 reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  11. Global Sea Surface Temperature: base 1901-70 C

  12. More extreme weather events Severe droughts and heat waves Stronger storms Heavy rains reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  13. Examples of potential impacts • Forest fire incidence 2008 There are reports that fire has affected more than 200,000 ha every year in recent decades.

  14. Decreasing snow cover and melting glaciers Kilimanjaro 1993 Decreasing snow cover Kilimanjaro 2000 reddplusethiopia@gmail.com http://www.mounteverest.net/news.php?id=1361

  15. Warming of poles and loss of sea ice Collapse of Wilkins Ice Shelf, Antarctica reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  16. Evidence for reality of climate change Glaciers melting 1909 Toboggan Glacier Alaska 2000 1858 1974 Grindelwald Glacier Switzerland 1900 2003 Alpine glacier, Austria

  17. Evidence for reality of climate change • Tree line shift both altitudinaly and latitudinally. • Traditional change of local communities in their cropping pattern and livestock rearing.

  18. What causes climate change and where are greenhouse gas emissions occurring? reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  19. What human activities generate GHGs?

  20. Which sectors produce greenhouse gases? reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  21. Which Sectors Produce Greenhouse Gasses in Ethiopia? reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  22. Where are greenhouse gases being emitted? Low emissions High emissions reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  23. Sources of emissions The sources of emissions differ across developing versus developed countries Land use change (deforestation) is a major source (second only to fossil fuels) Greatest source of GHG = fossil fuels reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  24. Forests in the global carbon cycle reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  25. Forests Store and Emit Carbon Deforestation & degradation of forests emit 5.87 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent Forests & other terrestrial systems - absorb 9.53 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  26. Extent of forests globally Forest area by biome 30% of earth’s land surface is forest (4 billion hectares) reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  27. Forest carbon globally Carbon stock by biome 45% of terrestrial carbon is stored in earth’s forests • Forests absorb 2.6 gigatons C (9.5 gT CO2) per year • Emissions from tropical deforestation 1.5 gigatons C per year reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  28. Climate change mitigation through forestry reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  29. Options for mitigating climate change Increasing carbon sinks Ecosystem service: carbon sequestration Avoiding reducing sinks Mitigation Activities Reducing emissions from productive activities Ecosystem service: emissions reduction Bioenergy and biofuels reddplusethiopia@gmail.com

  30. Thank you

  31. Thank you

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